Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21327054›Full record

ArticleBioengineered bugs

Biologic TNFα-inhibitors that cross the human blood-brain barrier.

William M Pardridge

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioengineered bugs. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Biomarker of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Anti-TNF-α Compounds as a Treatment for Depression.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Tumor necrosis factor α Inhibition for Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2017
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Brain-penetrating tumor necrosis factor decoy receptor in the mouse.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2011
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

William M PardridgeUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. wpardridge@mednet. ucla.edu
University of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α inhibitors (TNFI) are a major class of biologic therapeutics, and include decoy receptor and monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapeutics that block TNFα action. TNFα is a pro-inflammatory cytokine in brain disease, such as stroke, brain or spinal cord injury, or Alzheimer disease. However, the biologic TNFIs cannot be developed for the brain, because these large molecules do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Brain penetrating forms of TNFα decoy receptors or anti-TNFα antibody therapeutics can be re-engineered as IgG fusion proteins with a BBB molecular Trojan horse, such as the mAb against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The HIRMAb undergoes receptor-mediated transport across the BBB via the endogenous insulin receptor, and carries into brain the fused biologic TNFI. A fusion protein of the HIRMAb and the type II TNF receptor (TNFR) extracellular domain, designated the HIRMAb-TNFR fusion protein, has been engineered and expressed in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The HIRMAb-TNFR fusion protein binds both the HIR and TNFα with low nM affinity. The HIRMAb cross reacts with the Rhesus monkey insulin receptor, and the HIRMAb-TNFR is rapidly, and selectively, taken up by primate brain at concentrations that inhibit TNFα. In addition, a fusion protein of the HIRMAb and a therapeutic single chain Fv (ScFv) antibody has been engineered and also expressed in stably transfected CHO cells. The BBB molecular Trojan horse platform technology allows for the engineering of brain-penetrating recombinant proteins as new biologic therapeutics for the human brain.

Indexed as

Antibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, CDBlood-Brain BarrierHumansReceptor, InsulinReceptors, Tumor Necrosis FactorTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, CDINSR protein, humanReceptor, InsulinReceptors, Tumor Necrosis FactorTumor Necrosis Factor-alphablood-brain barrierdecoy receptorinsulin receptormonoclonal antibodytumor necrosis factor

Identifiers

PMID21327054
PMCPMC3026461
OpenAlexW2088565055

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.