ArticleNeuroendocrinology2011
Sex differences in the cerebellum and frontal cortex: roles of estrogen receptor alpha and sex chromosome genes.
Article in Neuroendocrinology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific disruptions in PKCγ signaling in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 14.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Article
- Sexual Dimorphisms in Neurodevelopment May Affect TBI Recovery in Pediatric Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Cell replacement in the degenerating cerebellum: a historical essay of discovery.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Distribution of calbindin-positive neurons across areas and layers of the marmoset cerebral cortex.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Cell-specific Dyt1 ∆GAG knock-in to basal ganglia and cerebellum reveal differential effects on motor behavior and sensorimotor network function.Experimental neurology · 2023Article
- Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury alters central and peripheral clock gene expression in the adolescent rat.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2023Article
- Developmental ethanol exposure has minimal impact on cerebellar microglial dynamics, morphology, and interactions with Purkinje cells during adolescence.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Large-Scale Transcriptomics Studies Provide Insight Into Sex Differences in Depression.Biological psychiatry · 2022Review
- Contributions of Sex Chromosomes and Gonadal Hormones to the Male Bias in a Maternal Antibody-Induced Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Four Core Genotypes and XY* mouse models: Update on impact on SABV research.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2020Review
- Multi-aspect testing and ranking inference to quantify dimorphism in the cytoarchitecture of cerebellum of male, female and intersex individuals: a model applied to bovine brains.Brain structure & function · 2020Article
- Sexual Differentiation and Substance Use: A Mini-Review.Endocrinology · 2020Review
- Sex chromosome complement influences vulnerability to cocaine in mice.Hormones and behavior · 2020Article
- De Novo Synthesized Estradiol: A Role in Modulating the Cerebellar Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Adolescent Cerebellar Development: An Underexplored Frontier.Biological psychiatry · 2020Article
- Differential Progression of Motor Dysfunction Between Male and Female Fragile X Premutation Carriers Reveals Novel Aspects of Sex-Specific Neural Involvement.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Decreased Expression of Synaptophysin 1 (SYP1 Major Synaptic Vesicle Protein p38) and Contactin 6 (CNTN6/NB3) in the Cerebellar Vermis of reln Haplodeficient Mice.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Age-specific associations between oestradiol, cortico-amygdalar structural covariance, and verbal and spatial skills.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2019Article
- Longitudinal Preterm Cerebellar Volume: Perinatal and Neurodevelopmental Outcome Associations.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2018Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most neurobehavioral diseases are sexually dimorphic in their incidence, and sex differences in the brain may be key for understanding and treating these diseases. Calbindin (Calb) D28K is used as a biomarker for the well-studied sexually dimorphic nucleus, a hypothalamic structure that is larger in males than in females. In the current study weanling C56BL/6J mice were used to examine sex differences in the Calb protein and message focusing on regions outside of the hypothalamus. A robust sex difference was found in Calb in the frontal cortex (FC) and cerebellum (CB; specifically in Purkinje cells); mRNA and protein were higher in females than in males. Using 2 mouse lines, i.e. one with a complete deletion of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the other with uncoupled gonads and sex chromosomes, we probed the mechanisms that underlie sexual dimorphisms. In the FC, deletion of ERα reduced Calb1 mRNA in females compared to males. In addition, females with XY sex chromosomes had levels of Calb1 equal to those of males. Thus, both ERα and the sex chromosome complement regulate Calb1 in the FC. In the CB, ERα knockout mice of both sexes had reduced Calb1 mRNA, yet sex differences were retained. However, the sex chromosome complement, regardless of gonadal sex, dictated Calb1 mRNA levels. Mice with XX chromosomes had significantly greater Calb1 than did XY mice. This is the first study demonstrating that sex chromosome genes are a driving force producing sex differences in the CB and FC, which are neuoranatomical regions involved in many normal functions and in neurobehavioral diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.