Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2011
The volume of nipple aspirate fluid is not affected by 6 months of treatment with soy foods in premenopausal women.
Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00513916 (Effects of Soy on Estrogens in Breast Fluid and Urine), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Soy on Estrogens in Breast Fluid and Urine
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Literature on the Representation of Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Clinical Nutrition Interventions.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of the Intake of Isoflavones on Risk Factors of Breast Cancer-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Intervention Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Soy Food Intake and Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Risk: Possible Difference in Asian Women?Nutrition and cancer · 2017Trial
- Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations and antioxidant and inflammatory status in premenopausal women.The British journal of nutrition · 2015Trial
- Oestrogen levels in serum and urine of premenopausal women eating low and high amounts of meat.Public health nutrition · 2014Trial
- Urinary isoflavonoid excretion as a biomarker of dietary soy intake during two randomized soy trials.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Trial
- Cytology in nipple aspirate fluid during a randomized soy food intervention among premenopausal women.Nutrition and cancer · 2013Trial
- Nipple aspirate fluid producer status among premenopausal women in Hawaii.The breast journal · 2012Trial
- Urinary estrogen metabolites in two soy trials with premenopausal women.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Trial
- Soy foods and urinary isoprostanes: results from a randomized study in premenopausal women.Food & function · 2012Trial
- Equol production changes over time in pre-menopausal women.The British journal of nutrition · 2012Trial
- Influence of diet on nipple aspirate fluid production and estrogen levels.Food & function · 2011Trial
- Estrogen levels in nipple aspirate fluid and serum during a randomized soy trial.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2011Trial
- Nipple aspirate fluid as a proximal breast liquid biopsy platform: advancing precision risk management in breast cancer.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- Nipple Aspirate Fluid at a Glance.Cancers · 2021Review
- Association of estrogen measurements in serum and urine of premenopausal women.Biomarkers in medicine · 2015Article
- Metabolomic characterization of nipple aspirate fluid by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS.Journal of proteome research · 2014Article
- Analysis of urinary estrogens, their oxidized metabolites, and other endogenous steroids by benchtop orbitrap LCMS versus traditional quadrupole GCMS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that soy food consumption may influence breast tissue activity, we examined its effect on the production of nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), a possible indicator of breast cancer risk. Of 310 premenopausal women screened, 112 (36%) produced at least 10 μL of NAF, the minimum for study participation. In a crossover design, we randomized 96 women to 2 groups who, in reverse order, consumed a high-soy diet with 2 soy servings/d (1 serving = 177 mL soy milk, 126 g tofu, or 23 g soy nuts) and a low-soy diet with <3 servings/wk of soy for 6 mo each separated by a 1-mo washout period. During each diet period, 3 NAF samples were obtained (baseline and 3 and 6 mo) using a FirstCyte Aspirator and 4 urine samples (baseline and 1, 3, and 6 mo) were analyzed for isoflavonoids by liquid chromatography tandem MS. Adherence to the study protocol according to 24-h dietary recalls and urinary isoflavonoid excretion was high. The drop-out rate was 15% (n = 14); 82 women completed the intervention. The 2 groups produced similar mean NAF volumes at baseline (P = 0.95) but differed in age and previous soy intake and in their response to the intervention (P = 0.03). In both groups, NAF volume decreased during the first 3 mo of the high-soy diet period and returned to baseline at 6 mo, but there was no effect of the high-soy diet on NAF volume (P = 0.50 for diet; P-interaction = 0.21 for diet with time). Contrary to an earlier report, soy foods in amounts consumed by Asians did not increase breast tissue activity as assessed by NAF volume.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.