ArticleJAMA2011
Thirty-day readmission rates for Medicare beneficiaries by race and site of care.
Article in JAMA, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 340 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
340 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to Reduce Hospital Readmissions in Older African Americans: A Systematic Review of Studies Including African American Patients.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Pooled it
- Factors affecting hospital readmission rates following an acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review.Journal of clinical nursing · 2022Pooled it
- Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of early hospital readmissions after kidney transplantation: Systemic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Dynamic changes and prognostic value of pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound in acute and chronic heart failure: a systematic review.European journal of heart failure · 2017Pooled it
- Pragmatic Clinical Trial to Improve Patient Experience Among Adults During Transitions from Hospital to Home: the PArTNER study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Trial
- ACES (Accelerated Chest Pain Evaluation With Stress Imaging) Protocols Eliminate Testing Disparities in Patients With Chest Pain.Critical pathways in cardiology · 2019Trial
- Investigating the impact of intervention refusal on hospital readmission.The American journal of managed care · 2017Trial
- Pattern and Predictors of Hospital Readmission During the First Year After Lung Transplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2017Trial
- Integrating Depression Care Management into Medicare Home Health Reduces Risk of 30- and 60-Day Hospitalization: The Depression Care for Patients at Home Cluster-Randomized Trial.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2016Trial
- Upstream Factors Associated With Hospitalization in Black- and Minority-Serving Hospitals.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Hospital-Level Nurse Communication and 30-Day Readmission in United States Acute Care Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hospital Compare Analysis.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Understanding the impact of socioeconomic deprivation on inpatient surgical care delivery costs in the Veterans Health Administration.Social sciences & humanities open · 2026Article
- Do policy context and structural disadvantage shape SNF VBP performance? Evidence from national facility-year data.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Diversifying the Interventional Cardiology Workforce: Why It Matters and How to Achieve It.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2026Review
- Racial and Ethnic Inequalities Among Survivors of Critical Illness in the MIMIC-IV Database.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Leveraging nonlinear relationships and interactions to improve 30-day pneumonia readmission machine learning models.PloS one · 2026Article
- Home electrocardiogram telemonitoring for post-acute myocardial infarction care: a randomized controlled trial.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in utilization of mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Associations between readmission disparities and hospital equity efforts: an analysis of U.S. hospitals.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- A Research Agenda to Mitigate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Critical Care Medicine: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
280 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextUnderstanding whether and why there are racial disparities in readmissions has implications for efforts to reduce readmissions.
objectiveTo determine whether black patients have higher odds of readmission than white patients and whether these disparities are related to where black patients receive care.
designUsing national Medicare data, we examined 30-day readmissions after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), and pneumonia. We categorized hospitals in the top decile of proportion of black patients as minority-serving. We determined the odds of readmission for black patients compared with white patients at minority-serving vs non-minority-serving hospitals. SETTING AND
participantsMedicare Provider Analysis Review files of more than 3.1 million Medicare fee-for-service recipients who were discharged from US hospitals in 2006-2008.
main outcome measureRisk-adjusted odds of 30-day readmission.
resultsOverall, black patients had higher readmission rates than white patients (24.8% vs 22.6%, odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.14; P < .001); patients from minority-serving hospitals had higher readmission rates than those from non-minority-serving hospitals (25.5% vs 22.0%, OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.20-1.27; P < .001). Among patients with acute MI and using white patients from non-minority-serving hospitals as the reference group (readmission rate 20.9%), black patients from minority-serving hospitals had the highest readmission rate (26.4%; OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.28-1.42), while white patients from minority-serving hospitals had a 24.6% readmission rate (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.18-1.29) and black patients from non-minority-serving hospitals had a 23.3% readmission rate (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.16-1.23; P < .001 for each); patterns were similar for CHF and pneumonia. The results were unchanged after adjusting for hospital characteristics including markers of caring for poor patients.
conclusionAmong elderly Medicare recipients, black patients were more likely to be readmitted after hospitalization for 3 common conditions, a gap that was related to both race and to the site where care was received.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.