ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2011
Novel classes of antibiotics or more of the same?
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- NewTheScientificWorldJournal · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producingAntimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2018Pooled it
- Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of GSK1322322 in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2014Trial
- Effect of H2 blockade and food on single-dose pharmacokinetics of GSK1322322, a peptide deformylase inhibitor antibacterial.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Trial
- False Novelty in Antibacterial Natural-Product Discovery: Rediscovery, Structural Misassignment, and a Checkpoint Framework for Early Verification.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Evolutionary drivers of divergent collateral sensitivity responses during antibiotic therapy.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Review
- Microbial mechanisms as tools for monitoring and treating emerging contaminants in urban pollution: an overview.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Permeabilize, but Choose Wisely: Selective Antibiotic Potentiation Through Outer Membrane Disruption inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- In-Silico discovery of novel cephalosporin antibiotic conformers via ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and de novo molecular design.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Innovative approaches to combat antibiotic resistance: integrating CRISPR/Cas9 and nanoparticles against biofilm-driven infections.BMC medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Current economic and regulatory challenges in developing antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Molecular characterization of resistance and biofilm genes of ESKAPE pathogens isolated from clinical samples: examination of the effect of boric acid on biofilm ability by cell culture method.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Ration or compassion? Stakeholder perspectives on the introduction of bedaquiline in South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- NQR as a target for new antibiotics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Failure or future? Exploring alternative antibacterials: a comparative analysis of antibiotics and naturally derived biopolymers.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Microbial Siderophores: A New Insight on Healthcare Applications.BME frontiers · 2025Review
- Article
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The world is running out of antibiotics. Between 1940 and 1962, more than 20 new classes of antibiotics were marketed. Since then, only two new classes have reached the market. Analogue development kept pace with the emergence of resistant bacteria until 10-20 years ago. Now, not enough analogues are reaching the market to stem the tide of antibiotic resistance, particularly among gram-negative bacteria. This review examines the existing systemic antibiotic pipeline in the public domain, and reveals that 27 compounds are in clinical development, of which two are new classes, both of which are in Phase I clinical trials. In view of the high attrition rate of drugs in early clinical development, particularly new classes and the current regulatory hurdles, it does not seem likely that new classes will be marketed soon. This paper suggests that, if the world is to return to a situation in which there are enough antibiotics to cope with the inevitable ongoing emergence of bacterial resistance, we need to recreate the prolific antibiotic discovery period between 1940 and 1962, which produced 20 classes that served the world well for 60 years. If another 20 classes and their analogues, particularly targeting gram-negatives could be produced soon, they might last us for the next 60 years. How can this be achieved? Only a huge effort by governments in the form of finance, legislation and providing industry with real incentives will reverse this. Industry needs to re-enter the market on a much larger scale, and academia should rebuild its antibiotic discovery infrastructure to support this effort. The alternative is Medicine without effective antibiotics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.