ArticleThe Indian journal of medical research2011
Group A Streptococcus virulence factors genes in north India & their association with emm type in pharyngitis.
Article in The Indian journal of medical research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invasive group A streptococcal disease in pregnant women and young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Group A Streptococcus Infections: Their Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Current Scope of Vaccines.Cureus · 2022Review
- M types & toxin gene profile of group A streptococci isolated from children in Dibrugarh district of Assam, India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2016Article
- Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2014Review
- Epidemiological trends of RF/RHD in school children of Shimla in north India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
objectivesGroup A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis, especially among children, leads to high prevalence of rheumatic fever (RF)/rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in India, as compared to the western world where invasive diseases are common. GAS encodes numerous virulence factors that cause diseases by exhibiting extraordinary biological diversity. Hence, we studied the virulence factors genes of GAS isolated from the throat of children with pharyngitis and also asymptomatic carriers.
methodsFifty GAS isolates cultured from throats of north Indian children aged 5-15 yr with mild pharyngitis (20), severe pharyngitis (24) and asymptomatic pharyngeal carriers (6), during 2000-2003 along with reference M1 strain were emm typed and characterized for virulence factors genes by PCR. The presence of virulence factors was also checked for their association with emm type in pharyngitis.
resultsTwenty emm types, six sequence types, and one non-typeable strain were found circulating in north India. The five most prevalent types were emm 74 (12%), 11 & StI129 (8% each) and emm 68 and NS292 (6% each). The spe B gene was found to be significantly higher (P=0.0007) in opacity factor (OF) negative isolates. emm 3, 11, 77, 86, 87, 109 and StI129 showed maximum virulence factors genes. INTERPRETATION &
conclusionsGAS isolates collected from throats of children from north India possess highly virulent antigens. This study also supports concept of isolate-associated virulence rather than type relatedness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21321428PMC3100139W2107896977What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.