ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
DNA methyltransferase 1, cytosine methylation, and cytosine hydroxymethylation in mammalian mitochondria.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 307 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
307 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 538 citations in OpenAlex.
- Welding Fume Exposure and Epigenetic Alterations: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Epigenetic insights of Olympic champions: nuclear and mitochondrial DNA methylation and regulators of aging.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Elevated mtDNA copy number in older adults is linked to methylation of mitochondrial and nuclear regulatory regions.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Himito: a graph-based toolkit for mitochondrial genome analysis using long reads.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Deciphering LonP1's role in glioblastoma: an alternative mechanism of treatment resistance.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Apparent methylation of mitochondrial DNA in WGBS is dominated by technical artifacts.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Article
- Programmable aging function-related mitochondrial DNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification with a TALE-directed methyltransferase.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Mitochondria-Targeting microRNAs (mitomiRs): Potential Mediators of Environmental Mitoepigenetics in Mammalian Spermatogenesis.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial DNA methylation: State-of-the-art in molecular mechanisms and disease implications.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Epigenetic deciphering of ovarian aging: multilayer interactive mechanisms and targeted reversal strategies.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial D-Loop Region Methylation Is Not Altered in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Epigenomes · 2026Article
- Mitochondria and the epigenome: maternal co-inheritance and crosstalk from oocyte to embryo.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase initiates mtDNA demethylation and leakage to fuel antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Higher mitochondrial DNA methylation is associated with increased risk of stroke: a nested case-control study.Human genetics · 2026Article
- Mitoepigenetic Alterations in Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial DNA methylation predicts immunotherapy response and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma: evidence from scRNA-Seq and machine learning.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Editorial: Beyond energy production: exploring mitochondrial dynamics and disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic and mitoepigenetic regulation in cancer and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial DNA methylation is involved in contrast-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury.Renal failure · 2025Article
247 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been reported to contain 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at CpG dinucleotides, as in the nuclear genome, but neither the mechanism generating mtDNA methylation nor its functional significance is known. We now report the presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as well as 5mC in mammalian mtDNA, suggesting that previous studies underestimated the level of cytosine modification in this genome. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) translocates to the mitochondria, driven by a mitochondrial targeting sequence located immediately upstream of the commonly accepted translational start site. This targeting sequence is conserved across mammals, and the encoded peptide directs a heterologous protein to the mitochondria. DNMT1 is the only member of the three known catalytically active DNA methyltransferases targeted to the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial DNMT1 (mtDNMT1) binds to mtDNA, proving the presence of mtDNMT1 in the mitochondrial matrix. mtDNMT1 expression is up-regulated by NRF1 and PGC1α, transcription factors that activate expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes in response to hypoxia, and by loss of p53, a tumor suppressor known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism. Altered mtDNMT1 expression asymmetrically affects expression of transcripts from the heavy and light strands of mtDNA. Hence, mtDNMT1 appears to be responsible for mtDNA cytosine methylation, from which 5hmC is presumed to be derived, and its expression is controlled by factors that regulate mitochondrial function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.