Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21320353›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2011

Sequence and gene expression of chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) in the association of in vitro drugs resistance of Plasmodium falciparum.

Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Stephen A Ward, Mathirut Mungthin, David Johnson, Andrew Owen, Patrick G Bray, Kesara Na-Bangchang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Global Landscape ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  4. Malaria: past, present, and future.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
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  7. Article
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  10. Multiple Novel Mutations inThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Genetics of chloroquine-resistant malaria: a haplotypic view.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2013
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Wanna ChaijaroenkulFaculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Patumthani 12120, Thailand.
Stephen A Ward
Mathirut Mungthin
David Johnson
Andrew Owen
Patrick G Bray
Kesara Na-Bangchang
University of Liverpool · GBThammasat University · THPhramongkutklao College of Medicine

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilMedical Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPlasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance (CQR) transporter protein (PfCRT) is known to be the important key of CQR. Recent studies have definitively demonstrated a link between mutations in the gene pfcrt and resistance to chloroquine in P. falciparum. Although these mutations are predictive of chloroquine resistance, they are not quantitatively predictive of the degree of resistance.

methodsIn this study, a total of 95 recently adapted P. falciparum isolates from Thailand were included in the analysis. Parasites were characterized for their drug susceptibility phenotypes and genotypes with respect to pfcrt. From the original 95 isolates, 20 were selected for complete pfcrt sequence analysis.

resultsAlmost all of the parasites characterized carried the previously reported mutations K76T, A220S, Q271E, N326S, I356T and R371I. On complete sequencing, isolates were identified with novel mutations at K76A and E198K. There was a suggestion that parasites carrying E198K were less resistant than those that did not. In addition, pfcrt and pfmdr1 gene expression were investigated by real-time PCR. No relationship between the expression level of either of these genes and response to drug was observed.

conclusionData from the present study suggest that other genes must contribute to the degree of resistance once the resistance phenotype is established through mutations in pfcrt.

Indexed as

AntimalarialsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersBase SequenceChloroquineDrug ResistanceGene ExpressionGenes, ProtozoanGenotypeMalaria, FalciparumMembrane Transport ProteinsMutationPhenotypePlasmodium falciparumPolymorphism, GeneticProtozoan ProteinsThailandAntimalarialsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersChloroquinemdr gene protein, PlasmodiumMembrane Transport ProteinsPfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparumProtozoan Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21320353
PMCPMC3055224
OpenAlexW2165374523

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.