Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2011
Employment-based reinforcement of adherence to depot naltrexone in unemployed opioid-dependent adults: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00684788 (Employment-Based Depot Naltrexone Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Employment-Based Depot Naltrexone Clinical Trial
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- A call to action: Contingency management to improve post-release treatment engagement among people with opioid use disorder who are incarcerated.Preventive medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A review of the literature on contingency management in the treatment of substance use disorders, 2009-2014.Preventive medicine · 2016Pooled it
- The use of incentives to reinforce medication adherence.Preventive medicine · 2012Pooled it
- The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineGuideline
- A Systematic Review on the Use of Psychosocial Interventions in Conjunction With Medications for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction.Journal of addiction medicinePooled it
- Patients' experiences of continued treatment with extended-release naltrexone: a Norwegian qualitative study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Effects of lorcaserin on oxycodone self-administration and subjective responses in participants with opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- The effects of extended-release injectable naltrexone and incentives for opiate abstinence in heroin-dependent adults in a model therapeutic workplace: A randomized trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Accounting for the uncounted: Physical and affective distress in individuals dropping out of oral naltrexone treatment for opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Employment-based reinforcement of adherence to oral naltrexone in unemployed injection drug users: 12-month outcomes.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015Trial
- The therapeutic workplace to promote treatment engagement and drug abstinence in out-of-treatment injection drug users: a randomized controlled trial.Preventive medicine · 2014Trial
- Employment-based abstinence reinforcement following inpatient detoxification in HIV-positive opioid and/or cocaine-dependent patients.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Employment-based abstinence reinforcement promotes opiate and cocaine abstinence in out-of-treatment injection drug users.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2014Trial
- Employment-based reinforcement of adherence to oral naltrexone treatment in unemployed injection drug users.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Employment-based reinforcement of adherence to an FDA approved extended release formulation of naltrexone in opioid-dependent adults: a randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2012Trial
- Contingency Management for Stimulant-Opioid Co-Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of addiction medicine · 2026Article
- Opportunities for employers to address the opioid epidemic: results from a national survey.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Recovery support services as part of the continuum of care for alcohol or drug use disorders.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring the impact of a medication adherence intervention on recovery and mental health outcomes: A secondary analysis of the MAT-PLUS pilot RCT.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Contingency Management for Drug Use Disorders: Meta-Analysis and Application of Tolin's Criteria.Clinical psychology : a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsNaltrexone can be used to treat opioid dependence, but patients refuse to take it. Extended-release depot formulations may improve adherence, but long-term adherence rates to depot naltrexone are not known. This study determined long-term rates of adherence to depot naltrexone and whether employment-based reinforcement can improve adherence.
designParticipants who were inducted onto oral naltrexone were assigned randomly to contingency (n = 18) or prescription (n = 17) groups. Participants were offered six depot naltrexone injections and invited to work at the therapeutic workplace on week days for 26 weeks, where they earned stipends for participating in job skills training. Contingency participants were required to accept naltrexone injections to maintain workplace access and to maintain maximum pay. Prescription participants could work independently of whether they accepted injections.
settingThe therapeutic workplace, a model employment-based intervention for drug addiction and unemployment.
participantsOpioid-dependent unemployed adults. MEASUREMENTS: Depot naltrexone injections accepted and opiate-negative urine samples.
findingsContingency participants accepted significantly more naltrexone injections than prescription participants (81% versus 42%), and were more likely to accept all injections (66% versus 35%). At monthly assessments (with missing urine samples imputed as positive), the groups provided similar percentages of samples negative for opiates (74% versus 62%) and for cocaine (56% versus 54%). Opiate-positive samples were more likely when samples were also positive for cocaine.
conclusionsEmployment-based reinforcement can maintain adherence to depot naltrexone. Future research should determine whether persistent cocaine use compromises naltrexone's effect on opiate use. Workplaces may be useful for promoting sustained adherence to depot naltrexone.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.