ArticleImmunology2011
Analyses of phenotypic and functional characteristics of CX3CR1-expressing natural killer cells.
Article in Immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitoxantrone induces natural killer cell maturation in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.PloS one · 2012Trial
- The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in HIV-associated inflammation and cardiometabolic disease.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026Review
- From single cell analysis to 3D micro physiological systems: microfluidic tools integrating cancer cell targets for delineating natural killer cell biology.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- EGFRxCD16 bispecific antibodies orchestrate superior NK cell-mediated lysis of ovarian cancer and NSCLC cell lines in combination with oncolytic viruses.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- CX3CR1-T280M polymorphism and end-stage renal disease development in chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- The association between fractalkine/CX3CR1 axis with IgA vasculitis and nephritis.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Fractalkine (Chemokine CX3CL1) Signaling During Placentation and Placental Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- NOSIP overexpression promotes long-term persistence of CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interferon-mediated NK cell activation increases cytolytic activity against T follicular helper cells and limits antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- STAT3 regulates NK and NKT cell differentiation through C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in hyper-IgE syndrome.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Article
- Single-cell profiling in ovarian germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumours.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Natural killer cells in skin: a unique opportunity to better characterize the many facets of an overlooked secondary lymphoid organ.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- NK cell activity in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Article
- The role of respiratory syncytial virus G protein in immune cell infection and pathogenesis.EBioMedicine · 2024Review
- Directly selecting cell-type marker genes for single-cell clustering analyses.Cell reports methods · 2024Article
- Review
- Persistence of a Skewed Repertoire of NK Cells in People with HIV-1 on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)-CX3CR1 Axis in Inflammation-Induced Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We previously demonstrated a correlation between the frequency of CX3CR1-expressing human natural killer (NK) cells and disease activity in multiple sclerosis and showed that CX3CR1(high) NK cells were more cytotoxic than their CX3CR1(neg/low) counterparts. Here we aimed to determine whether human NK cell fractions defined by CX3CR1 represent distinct subtypes. Phenotypic and functional NK cell analyses revealed that, distinct from CX3CR1(high), CX3CR1(neg/low) NK cells expressed high amounts of type 2 cytokines, proliferated robustly in response to interleukin-2 and promoted a strong up-regulation of the key co-stimulatory molecule CD40 on monocytes. Co-expression analyses of CX3CR1 and CD56 demonstrated the existence of different NK cell fractions based on the surface expression of these two surface markers, the CX3CR1(neg) CD56(bright), CX3CR1(neg) CD56(dim) and CX3CR1(high) CD56(dim) fractions. Additional investigations on the expression of NK cell receptors (KIR, NKG2A, NKp30 and NKp46) and the maturation markers CD27, CD62L and CD57 indicated that CX3CR1 expression of CD56(dim) discriminated between an intermediary CX3CR1(neg) CD56(dim) and fully mature CX3CR1(high) CD56(dim) NK cell fractions. Hence, CX3CR1 emerges as an additional differentiation marker that may link NK cell maturation with the ability to migrate to different organs including the central nervous system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.