ArticlePsychological assessment2011
Psychometric properties of reverse-scored items on the CES-D in a sample of ethnically diverse older adults.
Article in Psychological assessment, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Validation of the Japanese Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised: A Preliminary Analysis.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The distribution of daily affect distinguishes internalizing and externalizing spectra and subfactors.Journal of abnormal psychology · 2021Article
- Measuring Well-Being in Sport Performers: Where are We Now and How do we Progress?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Review
- Associations of negative cognitions, emotional regulation, and depression symptoms across four continents: International support for the cognitive model of depression.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Beyond Passion and Perseverance: Review and Future Research Initiatives on the Science of Grit.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Review
- How Does the Valence of Wording Affect Features of a Scale? The Method Effects in the Undergraduate Learning Burnout Scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- The Factor Structure of the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale in Thirteen Distinct Populations.Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reverse-scored items on assessment scales increase cognitive processing demands and may therefore lead to measurement problems for older adult respondents. In this study, the objective was to examine possible psychometric inadequacies of reverse-scored items on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) when used to assess ethnically diverse older adults. Using baseline data from a gerontologic clinical trial (n = 460), we tested the hypotheses that the reversed items on the CES-D (a) are less reliable than nonreversed items, (b) disproportionately lead to intraindividually atypical responses that are psychometrically problematic, and (c) evidence improved measurement properties when an imputation procedure based on the scale mean is used to replace atypical responses. In general, the results supported the hypotheses. Relative to nonreversed CES-D items, the 4 reversed items were less internally consistent, were associated with lower item-scale correlations, and were more often answered atypically at an intraindividual level. Further, the atypical responses were negatively correlated with responses to psychometrically sound nonreversed items that had similar content. The use of imputation to replace atypical responses enhanced the predictive validity of the set of reverse-scored items. Among older adult respondents, reverse-scored items are associated with measurement difficulties. It is recommended that appropriate correction procedures such as item readministration or statistical imputation be applied to reduce the difficulties.
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