ArticleHormones & cancer2011
Circulating sex hormones and mammographic breast density among postmenopausal women.
Article in Hormones & cancer, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adolescent endogenous sex hormones and breast density in early adulthood.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2015Trial
- The relation of urinary estrogen metabolites with mammographic densities in premenopausal women.Cancer epidemiology · 2012Trial
- Early thelarche, reproductive hormones, and MRI-based breast density: a prospective study in China.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- High dietary total energy intake and energy density are associated with girls' breast density during puberty.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Breast imaging characteristics in Thai transgender women: mammography and ultrasound outcomes in a pilot study.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- Estradiol and testosterone associated with risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2024Article
- Disentangling the relationships of body mass index and circulating sex hormone concentrations in mammographic density using Mendelian randomization.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Sex steroid hormone residues in milk and their potential risks for breast and prostate cancer.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Hormone and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) pathway gene expression in plasma and mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Article
- Does circulating progesterone mediate the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in progesterone receptor (PGR)-related genes with mammographic breast density in premenopausal women?Discover oncology · 2021Article
- Relationship of Serum Progesterone and Progesterone Metabolites with Mammographic Breast Density and Terminal Ductal Lobular Unit Involution among Women Undergoing Diagnostic Breast Biopsy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- A review of the influence of mammographic density on breast cancer clinical and pathological phenotype.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2019Review
- Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women.PloS one · 2019Article
- Associations of Dietary Patterns and Metabolic-Hormone Profiles with Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study.Nutrients · 2018Article
- Mammographic Density and Circulating Sex Hormones: a Cross-Sectional Study in Postmenopausal Korean Women.Hormones & cancer · 2018Article
- MRI background parenchymal enhancement, breast density and serum hormones in postmenopausal women.International journal of cancer · 2018Article
- Article
- Relationship of serum estrogens and metabolites with area and volume mammographic densities.Hormones & cancer · 2015Article
- Endogenous sex hormones and breast density in young women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2015Article
- Combined effects of endogenous sex hormone levels and mammographic density on postmenopausal breast cancer risk: results from the Breakthrough Generations Study.British journal of cancer · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The use of breast density as an intermediate or predictive marker of breast cancer risk is limited by an incomplete understanding of the etiology of breast density. High blood levels of endogenous estrogens and androgens are associated with increased risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. We sought to examine whether these hormones are also associated with breast density. The Wisconsin Breast Density Study enrolled 257 postmenopausal women, ages 55-70 years, with no history of postmenopausal hormone use, from mammography clinics in Madison, Wisconsin. Subjects provided a blood sample for sex hormone analysis, and breast density was measured from subjects' screening mammograms using a computer-assisted thresholding method. Numerous sex hormones were associated with breast density in age-adjusted analyses. However, further adjustment for body mass index and other potentially confounding factors substantially attenuated or eliminated these associations. In the fully adjusted model, there remained a positive association between percent breast density and serum progesterone (P=0.03), with percent density rising from 11.9% (95% CI: 9.8, 14.1%) among women in the lowest quartile of serum progesterone to 15.4% (12.9, 18.2%) among women in the highest quartile. There was also a positive association between sex hormone binding globulin and percent breast density (P=0.06). In contrast, there were no independent associations between percent breast density and estradiol (total, free, or bioavailable), estrone, estrone sulfate, or testosterone (total, free, or bioavailable). These results suggest that breast density has a hormonal etiology; however, it may differ in important ways from that of breast cancer risk.
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