ArticleCarcinogenesis2011
Activation of autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells provides tumor stromal support.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanochelate-based BCc1 delivery and its impact on key regulatory pathways in BALB/c breast cancer: An analysis ofBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Tumor-associated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in tumor microenvironment and carcinogenesis.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- PDGF-BB accelerates TSCC via fibroblast lactates limiting miR-26a-5p and boosting mitophagy.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Targeting autophagy and beyond: Deconvoluting the complexity of Beclin-1 from biological function to cancer therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote the survival of skin flaps after ischaemia-reperfusion injury via mTOR/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathways.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as the Key Driver of Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy in Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Tumour Stem Cells in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- An Update to Hallmarks of Cancer.Cureus · 2022Review
- Autophagy in aging-related oral diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Role of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Ageing Biology and Rejuvenation of Stem Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Autophagy and ncRNAs: Dangerous Liaisons in the Crosstalk between the Tumor and Its Microenvironment.Cancers · 2021Review
- Intravenously Infused Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2021Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells as a double-edged sword in tumor growth: focusing on MSC-derived cytokines.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2021Review
- The Dual Role of Autophagy in Cancer Development and a Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer by Targeting Autophagy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Exosome Promotes Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer via Enhancing miR-21-5p-MediatedMolecular therapy oncolytics · 2020Article
- Protein quality control of cell stemness.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2020Review
- Rapamycin-Preactivated Autophagy Enhances Survival and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Transplantation into Infarcted Myocardium.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2020Article
- Molecular Insights Into Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy Modulation by Natural Products for Cancer Stem Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Distinct role of autophagy on angiogenesis: highlights on the effect of autophagy in endothelial lineage and progenitor cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an aid to breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, partly as a result of the MSCs secretome. As the tumor gets beyond 2 mm in diameter, the stromal cells could undergo starvation due to the lack of sufficient nutrients in solid tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the survival mechanisms used by stressed stromal cells in breast cancers. We used serum-deprived mesenchymal stem cells (SD-MSCs) and MCF-7 breast cancer cells as model system with a hypothesis that stromal cells in the nutrient-deprived core utilize survival mechanisms for supporting surrounding cells. We tested this hypothesis using in vivo tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice, which indicated that SD-MSCs supported MCF-7 tumor growth by protection from apoptosis. Histochemical assays showed that SD-MSCs-injected tumors exhibited higher cellularity, decreased apoptosis and decreased differentiation. Beclin-1 staining indicated autophagic areas surrounded by actively proliferating cells. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrate that SD-MSCs survive using autophagy and secrete paracrine factors that support tumor cells following nutrient/serum deprivation. Western blot and immunocytochemistry analysis of SD-MSCs demonstrated upregulation and perinuclear relocation of autophagy key regulators such as beclin-1, ATG10, ATG12, MAP-LC3 and lysosomes. Electron microscopic analysis detected a time-dependent increase in autophagosome formation and HDAC6 activity assays indicated the upregulation of autophagy. Taken together, these data suggest that under nutrient-deprived conditions that can occur in solid tumors, stromal cells utilize autophagy for survival and also secrete anti-apoptotic factors that can facilitate solid tumor survival and growth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.