ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2011
Different B cell populations mediate early and late memory during an endogenous immune response.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 371 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
371 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 554 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research prospects and trends in TFH cells and tumors: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Followed by Vaccination Shifts Human Memory B-Cell Epitope Recognition, Suggesting Antibody Feedback.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Vaccination induces HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Trial
- Baseline circulating unswitched memory B cells and B-cell related soluble factors are associated with overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab within the NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Trial
- Atypical B cells are part of an alternative lineage of B cells that participates in responses to vaccination and infection in humans.Cell reports · 2021Trial
- Half a century of pneumococcal vaccination in sickle cell disease: Are we winning the battle or losing immunity?Vaccine · 2026Review
- Cardiac immunity and heart repair: Mechanism, challenge, and future direction.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Pre-existing hemagglutinin-specific antibody levels are associated with B-cell repertoire maturation and antibody breadth after influenza vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Interferon-Mediated Regulation of Memory B Cell Identity and Function.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Adrenergic nerves regulate B cell responses to large antigens through modulation of lymph node permeability.Research square · 2026Article
- Reversing pregnancy-induced B cell sensitization to facilitate the induction of transplant tolerance in postpartum recipients.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- Mannosylated nanoparticle immunogens enhance the circumsporozoite protein-specific B cell response and improve protection against sporozoite challenge.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The B cell receptor-mTOR signaling axis restricts the accumulation of lung tissue-resident memory B cells after influenza infection.Science immunology · 2026Article
- Local antibody feedback enforces a checkpoint on affinity maturation in the germinal center and promotes epitope spreading.Immunity · 2026Article
- Immunoinformatic Design and Evaluation of a Multi-Epitope mRNA Vaccine RP14914P Targeting Latent Tuberculosis Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Transcriptome-Proteome Analysis of Human Naive and Memory B Cell Subsets Reveals Isotype and Subclass-Specific Phenotypes.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Basophilic exosomes promote SLE development via exacerbating B cell activation through the lncRNA ENST00000537616/miR-330-5p/KRAS axis.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Lung B Cell Responses in a Murine Model of Asthma.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Article
311 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Memory B cells formed in response to microbial antigens provide immunity to later infections; however, the inability to detect rare endogenous antigen-specific cells limits current understanding of this process. Using an antigen-based technique to enrich these cells, we found that immunization with a model protein generated B memory cells that expressed isotype-switched immunoglobulins (swIg) or retained IgM. The more numerous IgM(+) cells were longer lived than the swIg(+) cells. However, swIg(+) memory cells dominated the secondary response because of the capacity to become activated in the presence of neutralizing serum immunoglobulin. Thus, we propose that memory relies on swIg(+) cells until they disappear and serum immunoglobulin falls to a low level, in which case memory resides with durable IgM(+) reserves.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.