Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21308976›Full record

ArticleBirth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology2011

Agrin function associated with ocular development is a target of ethanol exposure in embryonic zebrafish.

Chengjin Zhang, Qwan M Turton, Shanta Mackinnon, Kathleen K Sulik, Gregory J Cole

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Alcohol-Induced Birth Defects.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Zebrafish models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2021
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Ocular measurements in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2020
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Animal models of gene-alcohol interactions.Birth defects research · 2020
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Gene-environment interactions in development and disease.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology · 2017
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Chengjin ZhangJulius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA.
Qwan M Turton
Shanta Mackinnon
Kathleen K Sulik
Gregory J Cole
North Carolina Central University · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

ROLES OF INFLAMMATION AND ANDROGEN METABOLISM IN PROSTATE CANCER DISPARITYP20MD000175 · NIMHD · NORTH CAROLINA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY · PI KIMBRO, KEVIN SEAN · 2002 to 2016
$15.6M
RC3 Ethanol-Cannabinoid Interaction in the Regulation of NeurogenesisU54AA019765 · NIAAA · NORTH CAROLINA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY · PI COLE, GREGORY JAY · 2010 to 2019
$8.7M
HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS IN NEURAL DEVELOPMENTR01NS033981 · NINDS · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI COLE, GREGORY JAY · 1995 to 2009
$2.3M
MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING OF A MOUSE FASD MODEL U01U01AA017124 · NIAAA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULIK, KATHLEEN K · 2007 to 2011
$1.2M
NIAAA NIH HHS AA017124NIAAA NIH HHS AA019765NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA017124NIAAA NIH HHS U54 AA019765NIMHD NIH HHS MD000175NIMHD NIH HHS P20 MD000175NINDS NIH HHS NS033981NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS033981
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlcohol (ethanol) is a teratogen known to affect the developing eyes, face, and brain. Among the ocular defects in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia. Employing zebrafish as an FASD model provides an excellent system to analyze the molecular basis of prenatal ethanol exposure-induced defects because embryos can be exposed to ethanol at defined developmental stages and affected genetic pathways can be examined. We have previously shown that disruption of agrin function in zebrafish embryos produces microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia.

methodsZebrafish embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of ethanol in the absence or presence of morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) that disrupt agrin function. In situ hybridization was used to analyze ocular gene expression as a consequence of ethanol exposure and agrin knockdown. Morphologic analysis of zebrafish embryos was also conducted.

resultsAcute ethanol exposure induces diminished agrin gene expression in zebrafish eyes and, importantly, combined treatment with subthreshold levels of agrin MO and ethanol produces pronounced microphthalmia, markedly reduces agrin gene expression, and perturbs Pax6a and Mbx gene expression. Microphthalmia produced by combined agrin MO and ethanol treatment was rescued by sonic hedgehog (Shh) mRNA overexpression, suggesting that ethanol-mediated disruption of agrin expression results in disrupted Shh function.

conclusionsThese studies illustrate the strong potential for using zebrafish as a model to aid in defining the molecular basis for ethanol's teratogenic effects. The results of this work suggest that agrin expression and function may be a target of ethanol exposure during embryogenesis.

Indexed as

AgrinAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedDown-RegulationEmbryo, NonmammalianEnvironmental ExposureEthanolEyeGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHedgehog ProteinsMicrophthalmosOligoribonucleotides, AntisensePhenotypeZebrafishAgrinEthanolHedgehog ProteinsOligoribonucleotides, Antisense

Identifiers

PMID21308976
PMCPMC4230012
OpenAlexW2076251423

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.