ArticleJournal of virology2011
Immune-induced evolutionary selection focused on a single reading frame in overlapping hepatitis B virus proteins.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- CancerFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Discovery and Selection of Hepatitis B Virus-Derived T Cell Epitopes for Global Immunotherapy Based on Viral Indispensability, Conservation, and HLA-Binding Strength.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Level of neo-epitope predecessor and mutation type determine T cell activation of MHC binding peptides.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
- CD8Journal of virology · 2018Article
- HLA class I haplotype diversity is consistent with selection for frequent existing haplotypes.PLoS computational biology · 2017Article
- Article
- Estimate of within population incremental selection through branch imbalance in lineage trees.Nucleic acids research · 2016Article
- A cross-talk between Hepatitis B virus and host mRNAs confers viral adaptation to liver.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Viral CD8 T cell epitope nucleotide composition shows evidence of short- and long-term evolutionary strategies.Immunogenetics · 2015Article
- A new unconventional HLA-A2-restricted epitope from HBV core protein elicits antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Protein & cell · 2014Article
- Article
- Viral proteome size and CD8+ T cell epitope density are correlated: the effect of complexity on selection.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2013Article
- HLA-DP polymorphisms affect the outcomes of chronic hepatitis B virus infections, possibly through interacting with viral mutations.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- The L60V variation in hepatitis B virus core protein elicits new epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and enhances viral replication.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Optimal viral immune surveillance evasion strategies.Theoretical population biology · 2011Article
- Factors predicting occurrence and prognosis of hepatitis-B-virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastroenterology · 2011Review
- Bacteria modulate the CD8+ T cell epitope repertoire of host cytosol-exposed proteins to manipulate the host immune response.PLoS computational biology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viruses employ various means to evade immune detection. Reduction of CD8(+) T cell epitopes is one of the common strategies used for this purpose. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a member of the Hepadnaviridae family, has four open reading frames, with about 50% overlap between the genes they encode. We computed the CD8(+) T cell epitope density within HBV proteins and the mutations within the epitopes. Our results suggest that HBV accumulates escape mutations that reduce the number of epitopes. These mutations are not equally distributed among genes and reading frames. While the highly expressed core and X proteins are selected to have low epitope density, polymerase, which is expressed at low levels, does not undergo the same selection. In overlapping regions, mutations in one protein-coding sequence also affect the other protein-coding sequence. We show that mutations lead to the removal of epitopes in X and surface proteins even at the expense of the addition of epitopes in polymerase. The total escape mutation rate for overlapping regions is lower than that for nonoverlapping regions. The lower epitope replacement rate for overlapping regions slows the evolutionary escape rate of these regions but leads to the accumulation of mutations more robust in the transfer between hosts, such as mutations preventing proteasomal cleavage into epitopes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.