Trial reportDiabetes2011
Evidence that nasal insulin induces immune tolerance to insulin in adults with autoimmune diabetes.
Trial report in Diabetes, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antigen-based immunotherapies do not prevent progression of recent-onset autoimmune diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of High-Dose Oral Insulin in Children With Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes: The Fr1da Insulin Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes care · 2026Trial
- Is the NOD mouse a good model for type 1 diabetes?Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Worthy Challenge?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Monitoring islet specific immune responses in type 1 diabetes clinical immunotherapy trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Monitoring immunomodulation strategies in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Decreased occurrence of ketoacidosis and preservation of beta cell function in relatives screened and monitored for type 1 diabetes in Australia and New Zealand.Pediatric diabetes · 2022Article
- Safety of the use of gold nanoparticles conjugated with proinsulin peptide and administered by hollow microneedles as an immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes.Immunotherapy advances · 2022Article
- Preventing type 1 diabetes in late-stage pre-diabetic NOD mice with insulin: A central role for alum as adjuvant.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- The dark side of insulin: A primary autoantigen and instrument of self-destruction in type 1 diabetes.Molecular metabolism · 2021Review
- Current treatment options and challenges in patients with Type 1 diabetes: Pharmacological, technical advances and future perspectives.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Biologia Futura: Emerging antigen-specific therapies for autoimmune diseases.Biologia futura · 2021Review
- Auto-antigen and Immunomodulatory Agent-Based Approaches for Antigen-Specific Tolerance in NOD Mice.Current diabetes reports · 2021Review
- The thymus and the science of self.Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- Oral Fc-Coupled Preproinsulin Achieves Systemic and Thymic Delivery Through the Neonatal Fc Receptor and Partially Delays Autoimmune Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Insights into Manipulating Postprandial Energy Expenditure to Manage Weight Gain in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.iScience · 2020Article
- New Frontiers in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes.Cell metabolism · 2020Review
- Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance in T Cell Mediated Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Restricted myeloperoxidase epitopes drive the adaptive immune response in MPO-ANCA vasculitis.Journal of autoimmunity · 2020Article
- The presentation of neuroendocrine self-peptides in the thymus: an essential event for individual life and vertebrate survival.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2019Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveInsulin in pancreatic β-cells is a target of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. In the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes, oral or nasal administration of insulin induces immune tolerance to insulin and protects against autoimmune diabetes. Evidence for tolerance to mucosally administered insulin or other autoantigens is poorly documented in humans. Adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes in whom the disease process is subacute afford an opportunity to determine whether mucosal insulin induces tolerance to insulin subsequently injected for treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe randomized 52 adults with recent-onset, noninsulin-requiring type 1 diabetes to nasal insulin or placebo for 12 months. Fasting blood glucose and serum C-peptide, glucagon-stimulated serum C-peptide, and serum antibodies to islet antigens were monitored three times monthly for 24 months. An enhanced ELISpot assay was used to measure the T-cell response to human proinsulin.
resultsβ-Cell function declined by 35% overall, and 23 of 52 participants (44%) progressed to insulin treatment. Metabolic parameters remained similar between nasal insulin and placebo groups, but the insulin antibody response to injected insulin was significantly blunted in a sustained manner in those who had received nasal insulin. In a small cohort, the interferon-γ response of blood T-cells to proinsulin was suppressed after nasal insulin.
conclusionsAlthough nasal insulin did not retard loss of residual β-cell function in adults with established type 1 diabetes, evidence that it induced immune tolerance to insulin provides a rationale for its application to prevent diabetes in at-risk individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.