ArticleActa obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica2011
Subtle perturbations of genital microflora alter mucosal immunity among low-risk pregnant women.
Article in Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of the Vaginal Microbiome in Gynecological Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Interventions.Biology · 2026Review
- Microbiome, Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Carcinogenesis.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Engineered Tissue Models to Decode Host-Microbiota Interactions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- The Role of the Vaginal Microbiome in Immune Modulation in Cervical Cancer: Composition, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2025Review
- The interplay between human papillomavirus and vaginal microbiota in cervical cancer development.Virology journal · 2023Review
- The interplay between HPV, other Sexually Transmissible Infections and genital microbiome on cervical microenvironment (MicroCervixHPV study).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Observational
- Cervicovaginal microbiota significantly changed for HPV-positive women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Cervicovaginal Microbiome Factors in Clearance of Human Papillomavirus Infection.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- The vaginal microbiota associates with the regression of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 lesions.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Cervical microbiota in women with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, prior to and after local excisional treatment, a Norwegian cohort study.BMC women's health · 2019Article
- Impact of the microbiome on cancer progression and response to anti-cancer therapies.Advances in cancer research · 2019Review
- The influence of the commensal microbiota on distal tumor-promoting inflammation.Seminars in immunology · 2017Review
- Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer?Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2017Review
- The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: what do we know and where are we going next?Microbiome · 2016Review
- The Human Microbiome during Bacterial Vaginosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2016Review
- Hydrogen Peroxide-Producing Lactobacilli Are Associated With Lower Levels of Vaginal Interleukin-1β, Independent of Bacterial Vaginosis.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2015Article
- Pregnancy-induced changes in immune protection of the genital tract: defining normal.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2013Article
- Interaction between lactobacilli, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria, and HIV Type 1 RNA and DNA Genital shedding in U.S. and Kenyan women.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAlteration in the vaginal flora has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of changes in individual microflora on genital immunity among low-risk pregnant women in early pregnancy.
designCross-sectional study.
settingLarge, tertiary care, academic hospital clinic. POPULATION: Low-risk women were enrolled prior to 14 weeks' gestation.
methodsWomen were included if they had no medical or previous obstetrical complications, were non-smokers, had no sexually transmitted infections and no intercourse in the last 48 hours. Consenting women underwent speculum examination for collection of vaginal culture and Dacron swabs for cytokine analysis. Semi-quantitative vaginal cultures were performed in a reference laboratory.
main outcome measuresConcentrations of immune mediators were compared in the presence of various organisms. Concentrations were converted to multiples of the median to standardize the values of each mediator. Regression analyses were performed to control for race.
resultsWe enrolled 47 women. The frequencies of genital microorganisms were: H(2)O(2) -producing lactobacilli (70%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (66%), Gardnerella vaginalis (45%), anaerobic non-pigmented Gram-negative rods (ANPGNR, 40%), anaerobic pigmented Gram-negative rods (APGNR, 17%). After adjusting for race and body mass index, interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor were increased in the presence of G. vaginalis, ANPGNR, and APGNR. There was no consistent impact on the other markers of immune activation.
conclusionThe presence of individual species impacts genital immunity among low-risk pregnant women. Perturbations in genital immunity could partially explain heterogeneity in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.