Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21305692›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics2011

Genome-wide association analysis of age at onset and psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder.

Pamela Belmonte Mahon, Mehdi Pirooznia, Fernando S Goes, Fayaz Seifuddin, Jo Steele, Phil Hyoun Lee, Jie Huang, Marian L Hamshere, Bipolar Genome Study (BiGS) Consortium, The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium Bipolar Disorder Group, J Raymond Depaulo and 12 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Self-harming behavior linked to earlier onset of cardiovascular disease in severe mental disorders.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025
    Article
  5. Relationship between Polygenic Risk Score and the Hypnotics in Bipolar I Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024
    Article
  6. Characterisation of age and polarity at onset in bipolar disorder.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2021
    Article
  7. The genetics of bipolar disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2020
    Review
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  19. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and age at onset of schizophrenia: no consistent evidence for an association in the Nordic population.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2012
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 11 institutions in 3 countries.

Pamela Belmonte MahonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Mehdi Pirooznia
Fernando S Goes
Fayaz Seifuddin
Jo Steele
Phil Hyoun Lee
Jie Huang
Marian L Hamshere
Bipolar Genome Study (BiGS) Consortium, The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium Bipolar Disorder Group
J Raymond Depaulo
John R Kelsoe
Marcella Rietschel
Markus Nöthen
Sven Cichon
Hugh Gurling
Shaun Purcell
Jordan W Smoller
Nick Craddock
Thomas G Schulze
Francis J McMahon
James B Potash
Peter P Zandi
Johns Hopkins University · USCenter for Human Genetics · USCardiff University · GBNational Institutes of Health · USForschungszentrum Jülich · DEMassachusetts General Hospital · USNational Institute of Mental Health · USUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Bonn · DEUniversity of California, San Diego · USUniversity of Göttingen · DE

Funding

Mapping genes that contribute to bipolar disorderZIAMH002810 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MCMAHON, FRANCIS J · 2009 to 2025
$31.2M
Identification of Genes Involved in Major Mood DisordersZIAMH002843 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MCMAHON, FRANCIS J · 2009 to 2025
$24.5M
Genetic Determinants of Antidepressant Response in the STAR*D CohortZIAMH002844 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MCMAHON, FRANCIS J · 2009 to 2025
$11.1M
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIAR01MH059571 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI GEJMAN, PABLO V. · 1999 to 2007
$8.0M
COLLABORATIVE GENOMIC STUDY OF BIPOLAR DISORDERR01MH059534 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI RICE, JOHN P. · 1998 to 2007
$3.1M
Using Genetics to Dissect Schizhoprenia, Bipolar Disorder, and DepressionR01MH079799 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SMOLLER, JORDAN W · 2007 to 2011
$2.9M
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIAR01MH060879 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI CLONINGER, C. ROBERT · 1999 to 2006
$2.7M
COLLABORATIVE GENOMIC STUDY OF BIPOLAR DISORDERR01MH059545 · NIMH · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI NURNBERGER, JOHN I · 1998 to 2007
$2.6M
COLLABORATIVE GENOMIC STUDY OF BIPOLAR DISORDERR01MH059533 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MACKINNON, DEAN FREDERICK · 1998 to 2007
$2.4M
COLLABORATIVE GENOMIC STUDY OF BIPOLAR DISORDERR01MH060068 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE · PI BYERLEY, WILLIAM · 1998 to 2007
$2.1M
COLLABORATIVE GENOMIC STUDY OF BIPOLAR DISORDERR01MH059553 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BERRETTINI, WADE H · 1998 to 2007
$2.1M
Mapping genes that contribute to bipolar disorderZ01MH002810 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MCMAHON, FRANCIS J · 2003 to 2008
$2.0M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 MH002810Medical Research Council G1000708NIDA NIH HHS K02 DA021237NIDA NIH HHS K02 DA21237NIMH NIH HHS 1Z01MH002810-01NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH072866NIMH NIH HHS MH059565NIMH NIH HHS MH059571NIMH NIH HHS MH059588NIMH NIH HHS MH060879NIMH NIH HHS MH061675NIMH NIH HHS MH067257NIMH NIH HHS MH59566NIMH NIH HHS MH59586NIMH NIH HHS MH59587NIMH NIH HHS MH60870NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059533NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059534NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059535NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059545NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059548NIMH NIH HHS R01MH059548NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059553NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059556NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059565NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059566NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059567NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059571NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059586NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059587NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059588NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060068NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060870NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060879NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH061675NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH067257NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH079799NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH083738NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH59533NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH59535NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH59545NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH59553NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH59567NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH60068NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH46274NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH46280NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH46282Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several susceptibility loci for bipolar disorder (BP), most notably ANK3. However, most of the inherited risk for BP remains unexplained. One reason for the limited success may be the genetic heterogeneity of BP. Clinical sub-phenotypes of BP may identify more etiologically homogeneous subsets of patients, which can be studied with increased power to detect genetic variation. Here, we report on a mega-analysis of two widely studied sub-phenotypes of BP, age at onset and psychotic symptoms, which are familial and clinically significant. We combined data from three GWAS: NIMH Bipolar Disorder Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN-BP), NIMH Bipolar Disorder Genome Study (BiGS), and a German sample. The combined sample consisted of 2,836 BP cases with information on sub-phenotypes and 2,744 controls. Imputation was performed, resulting in 2.3 million SNPs available for analysis. No SNP reached genome-wide significance for either sub-phenotype. In addition, no SNP reached genome-wide significance in a meta-analysis with an independent replication sample. We had 80% power to detect associations with a common SNP at an OR of 1.6 for psychotic symptoms and a mean difference of 1.8 years in age at onset. Age at onset and psychotic symptoms in BP may be influenced by many genes of smaller effect sizes or other variants not measured well by SNP arrays, such as rare alleles.

Indexed as

Genome-Wide Association StudyAge of OnsetBipolar DisorderDemographyFemaleGermanyHumansMalePsychotic DisordersYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID21305692
PMCPMC3178836
OpenAlexW2141923548

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.