ArticleImmunology2011
Programmed death ligand 2 regulates arginase induction and modifies Trypanosoma cruzi survival in macrophages during murine experimental infection.
Article in Immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Enhanced cancer immunotherapy via synergistic action of NO-Donor nanoparticles (NanoScience and technology of advanced materials · 2025Article
- Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Macrophages Infected withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The expression of immune response genes in patients with chronic Chagas disease is shifted toward the levels observed in healthy subjects as a result of treatment with Benznidazole.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- CD200/CD200R: Bidirectional Role in Cancer Progression and Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- PD-L2 Blockade Exacerbates Liver Lesion in Mice Infected withTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Dampening antiviral immunity can protect the host.The FEBS journal · 2022Review
- Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in ExperimentalFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Diazepam Impairs Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Metabolic programming of macrophage functions and pathogens control.Redox biology · 2019Review
- Differential expression of proteins in genetically distinct Trypanosoma cruzi samples (TcI and TcII DTUs) isolated from chronic Chagas disease cardiac patients.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Review
- Ebi3 PreventsFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- GRAIL and Otubain-1 are Related to T Cell Hyporesponsiveness during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- PD-L2 negatively regulates Th1-mediated immunopathology during Fasciola hepatica infection.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- The Dialogue of the Host-Parasite Relationship: Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi Infection.BioMed research international · 2015Review
- Salmonella modulates B cell biology to evade CD8(+) T cell-mediated immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- Donor CD8+ T cells prevent Toxoplasma gondii de-encystation but fail to rescue the exhausted endogenous CD8+ T cell population.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- The risks of targeting co-inhibitory pathways to modulate pathogen-directed T cell responses.Trends in immunology · 2013Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The programmed death ligands 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) that bind to programmed death 1 (PD-1) have been involved in peripheral tolerance and in the immune escape mechanisms during chronic viral infections and cancer. However, there are no reports about the role of these molecules during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. We have studied the role of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in T. cruzi infection and their importance in arginase/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) balance in the immunomodulatory properties of macrophages (Mφ). In this work, we have demonstrated that expression of the PD-1/PD-L pathway is modified during T. cruzi infection on Mφs obtained from peritoneal cavity. The Mφs from T. cruzi-infected mice suppressed T-cell proliferation and this was restored when anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies were added. Nevertheless, anti-PD-L2 antibody treatment did not re-establish T-cell proliferation. PD-L2 blockade on peritoneal cells from infected mice showed an increase in arginase expression and activity and a decrease in iNOS expression and in nitric oxide (NO) production. Additionally, interleukin-10 production increased whereas interferon-γ production was reduced. As a result, this microenvironment enhanced parasite proliferation. In contrast, PD-1 and PD-L1 blockage increased iNOS expression and NO production on peritoneal Mφs from T. cruzi-infected mice. Besides, PD-L2 knockout infected mice showed an increased in parasitaemia as well as in arginase activity, and a reduction in NO production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PD-L2 is involved in the arginase/iNOS balance during T. cruzi infection having a protective role in the immune response against the parasite.
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