ArticleInternational journal of public health2011
Changing health inequalities in Germany from 1994 to 2008 between employed and unemployed adults.
Article in International journal of public health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trajectories of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood as predictors of unemployment status.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014Trial
- Socioeconomic inequalities in health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: a six-country comparison using the EQ-5D-5 L.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Anxiety and Employment Status in a German Working-Age Population: Findings on Sex-Specific Prevalence Rates and Associated Factors of Anxiety From the LIFE-Adult-Study.Depression and anxiety · 2025Article
- A meta-narrative review of research traditions on hidden workers in aging population for transdisciplinary implementation research.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- The role of consumer choice in out-of-pocket spending on health.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Trends and Changes in Socio-Economic Inequality in Self-Rated Health among Migrants and Non-Migrants: Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Survey Data in Germany, 1995-2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- [30 years of German unification: achievements and remaining differences in mortality trends by age and cause of death].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2021Article
- How the Labor Market Affects the Self-Perceived Health of Older Workers. The Evidence From Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs).Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Observational
- Post-millennial trends of socioeconomic inequalities in chronic illness among adults in Germany.BMC research notes · 2018Article
- Health inequalities in Germany and in international comparison: trends and developments over time.Journal of health monitoring · 2018Article
- Widening health inequalities between the employed and the unemployed: A decomposition of trends in Canada (2000-2014).PloS one · 2018Article
- Quality of Life and Its Related Factors in Chinese Unemployed People: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood predicting unemployment in the mid 30s.The American journal on addictions · 2015Article
- Direct costs of inequalities in health care utilization in Germany 1994 to 2009: a top-down projection.BMC health services research · 2013Article
- No causal effect of unemployment on smoking? A German panel study.International journal of public health · 2012Article
- Ecological analysis of social risk factors for Rotavirus infections in Berlin, Germany, 2007-2009.International journal of health geographics · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectivesUnemployment is a major determinant of health. We investigate whether health inequalities with regards to employment status have changed in Germany.
methodsWe used longitudinal data for the years 1994-2008 from a representative panel study (GSOEP). The sample consisted of respondents aged 30-59 years (15 waves, 21,329 persons, 129,526 observations). We analyzed trends and determinants of self-rated health status by employment status using logistic regression and fixed-effects logistic panel models.
resultsHealth inequalities by employment status increased significantly by 72% in men and by 16% in women after controlling covariates. The trends were partly mediated by consequences of unemployment such as income loss, income poverty, life satisfaction and economic sorrows. Using regression models for panel data we confirmed that the observed increases in health inequalities at the population level also exist at the individual level. DISCUSSION: Altogether, our findings indicate that health inequalities with regards to employment status increased among men between 1994 and 2008. This observation is in line with increasing income inequalities in Germany and with increasing health inequalities in other European countries.
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