Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21301816›Full record

ArticlePsychopharmacology2011

Responding during signaled availability and nonavailability of iv cocaine and food in rats: age and sex differences.

Justin J Anker, Natalie E Zlebnik, Sean F Navin, Marilyn E Carroll

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Justin J AnkerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. anke0022@umn.edu
Natalie E Zlebnik
Sean F Navin
Marilyn E Carroll

Funding

PREDOCTORAL TRAINING OF NEUROSCIENTISTST32GM008471 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI EBNER, TIMOTHY J · 1993 to 2017
$4.9M
Vulnerability to Drug Abuse: Experimental InterventionsR01DA003240 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI CARROLL, MARILYN E. · 1985 to 2010
$3.1M
Adolescence, Impulsivity, and Drug Abuse: Sex/HormonesR01DA019942 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI CARROLL, MARILYN E. · 2007 to 2012
$1.4M
Progesterone as a Treatment for Cocaine Abuse in Rats with Differing VulnerabilitF31DA023301 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ANKER, JUSTIN JACK · 2007 to 2009
$82k
NIDA NIH HHS F31 DA023301NIDA NIH HHS F31 DA 023301-02NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA003240NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA 003240-27NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA019942NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA019942-3NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008471PHS HHS K05 015267-08
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleResearch suggests that age and sex are vulnerability factors for drug abuse. However, few studies have systematically examined their interaction.

objectiveThe purpose of the present study was to examine male and female, adult and adolescent rats under a procedure that measures responding during periods of signaled availability and nonavailability of iv cocaine and food reinforcers.

methodsAdolescent and adult rats lever pressed for iv infusions of cocaine or food pellets under a procedure with three components of signaled availability of the reinforcer alternating with two components of signaled nonavailability. Adolescent rats were removed and then later retested under the same conditions as adults, and a group of adult rats was also removed and retested after a similar number of days. A subset of rats earning cocaine infusions under the initial test was later retested with food pellets under the same behavioral task to assess the influence of prior cocaine exposure on subsequent responding for a nondrug reinforcer.

resultsAdolescents (vs. adults) made more responses during periods of signaled iv cocaine availability and nonavailabiltiy, and adult females responded more than adult males during these periods. Responding during periods of signaled nonavailability of iv cocaine and food did not differ between the initial and subsequent retest conditions in adult rats. Further, adult males and females exposed to cocaine during adolescence responded more during periods of food availability compared to cocaine-naïve adults.

conclusionThese results indicate that sex and age are vulnerability factors in cocaine abuse, and cocaine exposure during critical developmental stages can have long-lasting effects.

Indexed as

FoodReinforcement ScheduleSex CharacteristicsAgingAnimalsBehavior, AnimalCocaineConditioning, OperantFeeding BehaviorFemaleInjections, IntravenousMaleRatsRats, WistarSelf AdministrationCocaine

Identifiers

PMID21301816
PMCPMC3888961

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.