Trial reportBehavioural pharmacology2011
Modest abuse-related subjective effects of zolpidem in drug-naive volunteers.
Trial report in Behavioural pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zolpidem reduces the blood oxygen level-dependent signal during visual system stimulation.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2011Trial
- The Association of Zolpidem and Suicidality in Psychiatric Outpatients With Insomnia.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Zolpidem-triggered atrial fibrillation in a patient with cardiomyopathy: a case report.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Prevalence and correlates of the misuse of z-drugs and benzodiazepines in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Zolpidem: Efficacy and Side Effects for Insomnia.Health psychology research · 2021Review
- Mild cognitive impairment: associations with sleep disturbance, apolipoprotein e4, and sleep medications.Sleep medicine · 2018Article
- Polysomnographic Sleep Disturbances Due to High-Dose Zolpidem Use: A Case Report.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2018Article
- Neural basis of benzodiazepine reward: requirement for α2 containing GABAA receptors in the nucleus accumbens.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2014Article
- The behavioral pharmacology of zolpidem: evidence for the functional significance of α1-containing GABA(A) receptors.Psychopharmacology · 2014Review
- The hypnotic zolpidem increases the synchrony of BOLD signal fluctuations in widespread brain networks during a resting paradigm.NeuroImage · 2013Article
- Differential roles of GABA(A) receptor subtypes in benzodiazepine-induced enhancement of brain-stimulation reward.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2012Article
- High-dose zolpidem dependence - Psychostimulant effects? A case report and literature review.Industrial psychiatry journalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent case reports suggest that the short-acting benzodiazepine-like hypnotic, zolpidem, may have abuse potential among individuals who have no personal history of abusing drugs or alcohol, particularly at doses higher than those recommended for treating insomnia. This study recruited drug-naive volunteers to assess the subjective effects of multiple doses of zolpidem (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg) administered in a within-subject double-blind design. Participants (n=11) answered computerized questionnaires (Addiction Research Center Inventory, visual analog scales, and a hypothetical Drug versus Money Choice) to address the hypothesis that a supratherapeutic dose (20 mg) would increase ratings of abuse-related subjective effects, while lower therapeutic doses (5 and 10 mg) would not. Although participants rated some effects as negative at 10 and 20 mg, the highest dose engendered predominantly positive abuse-like effects such as 'High', 'Like', and 'Good Effects'. However, no dose of zolpidem was chosen over money ($0.35-$10) when participants made hypothetical choices between them. Results suggest that although individuals without a drug abuse history are not inclined to choose zolpidem when presented with an alternative reinforcer such as money, it may possess moderate abuse potential that limits its clinical utility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.