ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Toll-like receptor 9 is required for full host resistance to Mycobacterium avium infection but plays no role in induction of Th1 responses.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Crosstalk BetweenCells · 2025Review
- Transcriptome analysis of long non-coding RNAs inFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Polymorphisms in Immune Genes and Their Association with Tuberculosis Susceptibility: An Analysis of the African Population.The application of clinical genetics · 2024Review
- Dectin-1-Independent Macrophage Phagocytosis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Association of Toll-like Receptors 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10 Genes Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Sudanese Patients.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2023Article
- The Role of TLR2 in Infectious Diseases Caused by Mycobacteria: From Cell Biology to Therapeutic Target.Biology · 2022Review
- Specificity of the innate immune responses to different classes of non-tuberculous mycobacteria.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Modulating macrophage function to reinforce host innate resistance againstFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 andFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Macrophage Polarity and Disease Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Genetic Involvement ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- A Role of Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors (3, 7, and 9) in Response toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Infection of Dendritic Cells WithFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- CpG-DNA exerts antibacterial effects by protecting immune cells and producing bacteria-reactive antibodies.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Whole-Blood Gene Expression in Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2018Article
- Innate immunity in tuberculosis: host defense vs pathogen evasion.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2017Review
- The Host Response to a Clinical MDR Mycobacterial Strain Cultured in a Detergent-Free Environment: A Global Transcriptomics Approach.PloS one · 2016Article
- Dendritic cell-based immunization ameliorates pulmonary infection with highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- The involvement of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS in cytokine secretion from macrophages induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6.Inflammation · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in innate immunity to Mycobacterium avium, TLR9, TLR2, and MyD88 knockout (KO) mice were infected with this bacterium. Bacterial burdens were higher in the spleens, livers, and lungs of infected TLR9 KO mice than in those of C57BL/6 mice, indicating that TLR9 is required for efficient control of M. avium infection. However, TLR9 KO or TLR2 KO spleen cells displayed normal M. avium-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) responses. This finding was confirmed by determining the number of splenic CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-γ by flow cytometry. Furthermore, TLR2 and MyD88, but not TLR9, played a major role in interleukin-12 and TNF-α production by M. avium-infected macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). We also found that major histocompatibility complex class II molecule expression on DCs is regulated by TLR2 and MyD88 signaling but not by TLR9. Finally, lack of TLR9, TLR2, or MyD88 reduced the numbers of macrophages, epithelioid cells, and lymphocytes in M. avium-induced granulomas but only MyD88 deficiency affected the number of liver granulomas. In summary, our data demonstrated that the involvement of TLR9 in the control of M. avium infection is not related to the induction of Th1 responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.