ArticleVaccine2011
Room temperature stabilization of oral, live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi-vectored vaccines.
Article in Vaccine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Developing Antiviral Vaccines Based on AttenuatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrated optical and thermal modeling for the development of a scalable multi-sample light-assisted drying platform for biologic stabilization.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Thermostabilization of Vaccines by Lyophilization, Spray Drying, and Foam Drying.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Thermostable vacuum foam dried Newcastle disease vaccine: Process optimization and pilot-scale study.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Clinical and Preclinical Methods of Heat-Stabilization of Human Vaccines.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Salmonella Typhimurium expressing chromosomally integrated Schistosoma mansoni Cathepsin B protects against schistosomiasis in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Vacuum Foam Drying Method Improved the Thermal Stability and Long-Term Shelf Life of a Live Attenuated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2022Article
- Stability of Foams in Vacuum Drying Processes. Effects of Interactions between Sugars, Proteins, and Surfactants on Foam Stability and Dried Foam Properties.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Pharmaceutical protein solids: Drying technology, solid-state characterization and stability.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Lyophilized yeast powder for adjuvant free thermostable vaccine delivery.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Trehalose and bacterial virulence.Virulence · 2020Review
- Thermal Stabilization of Viral Vaccines in Low-Cost Sugar Films.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Osmolytes in vaccine production, flocculation and storage: a critical review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Review
- Stable Chromosomal Expression of Shigella flexneri 2a and 3a O-Antigens in the Live Salmonella Oral Vaccine Vector Ty21a.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Protection against inhalation anthrax by immunization withNPJ vaccines · 2017Article
- Stabilization of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines by Freeze Drying, Spray Drying, and Foam Drying.Pharmaceutical research · 2016Article
- Article
- Vaccines against invasive Salmonella disease: current status and future directions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
- Commercializing diarrhea vaccines for travelers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Foam drying, a modified freeze drying process, was utilized to produce a heat-stable, live attenuated Salmonella Typhi 'Ty21a' bacterial vaccine. Ty21a vaccine was formulated with pharmaceutically approved stabilizers, including sugars, plasticizers, amino acids, and proteins. Growth media and harvesting conditions of the bacteria were also studied to enhance resistance to desiccation stress encountered during processing as well as subsequent storage at elevated temperatures. The optimized Ty21a vaccine, formulated with trehalose, methionine, and gelatin, demonstrated stability for approximately 12 weeks at 37°C (i.e., time required for the vaccine to decrease in potency by 1log(10)CFU) and no loss in titer at 4 and 25°C following storage for the same duration. Furthermore, the foam dried Ty21a elicited a similar immunogenic response in mice as well as protection in challenge studies compared to Vivotif™, the commercial Ty21a vaccine. The enhanced heat stability of the Ty21a oral vaccine, or Ty21a derivatives expressing foreign antigens (e.g. anthrax), could mitigate risks of vaccine potency loss during long-term storage, shipping, delivery to geographical areas with warmer climates or during emergency distribution following a bioterrorist attack. Because the foam drying process is conducted using conventional freeze dryers and can be readily implemented at any freeze drying manufacturing facility, this technology appears ready and appropriate for large scale processing of foam dried vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.