ArticleBMC infectious diseases2011
High T-cell immune activation and immune exhaustion among individuals with suboptimal CD4 recovery after 4 years of antiretroviral therapy in an African cohort.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01766076 (Use of Atorvastatin as Adjuvant Therapy Among Suboptimal Responders to Antiretroviral Therapy in an African Cohort of HAART-treated Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Use of Atorvastatin as Adjuvant Therapy Among Suboptimal Responders to Antiretroviral Therapy in an African Cohort of HAART-treated Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- The Activation State of CD4 T Cells Alters Cellular Peptidase Activities, HIV Antigen Processing, and MHC Class I Presentation in a Sequence-Dependent Manner.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Trial
- Clinical Trial of the Anti-PD-L1 Antibody BMS-936559 in HIV-1 Infected Participants on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Virologic and immunologic effects of adding maraviroc to suppressive antiretroviral therapy in individuals with suboptimal CD4+ T-cell recovery.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Trial
- Atorvastatin reduces T-cell activation and exhaustion among HIV-infected cART-treated suboptimal immune responders in Uganda: a randomised crossover placebo-controlled trial.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2015Trial
- Low antigen-specific CD4 T-cell immune responses despite normal absolute CD4 counts after long-term antiretroviral therapy an African cohort.Immunology letters · 2014Trial
- Persistent immune dysfunction during suppressive antiretroviral therapy: implications for analytical treatment interruption trials for chronic HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pathological Proliferation of CD4Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Serum sPD-1 as a marker of T cell exhaustion in ART-naïve, ART-experienced, and intestinal parasite co-infected HIV-positive adults at the university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HIV cure research contributions from Africa in the last three decades.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- A comparative assessment of CD4 recovery in a cohort of patients on different HAART regimens in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility.African health sciences · 2024Article
- Differential effects of antiretroviral treatment on immunity and gut microbiome composition in people living with HIV in rural versus urban Zimbabwe.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Factors associated with immunological non-response after ART initiation: a retrospective observational cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- mRNA vaccine boosters and impaired immune system response in immune compromised individuals: a narrative review.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Pathological proliferation: a potential mechanism for poor CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Characteristics of blood immune cell profile and their correlation with disease progression in patients infected with HIV-1.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Long Term Assessment of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunogenicity after mRNA Vaccine in Persons Living with HIV.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Antiretroviral treatment is less effective at reducing gut microbiome-associated inflammation and T cell activation in people living with HIV in rural versus urban Zimbabwe.Research square · 2023Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) partially corrects immune dysfunction associated with HIV infection. The levels of T-cell immune activation and exhaustion after long-term, suppressive ART and their correlation with CD4 T-cell count reconstitution among ART-treated patients in African cohorts have not been extensively evaluated.
methodsT-cell activation (CD38+HLA-DR+) and immune exhaustion (PD-1+) were measured in a prospective cohort of patients initiated on ART; 128 patient samples were evaluated and subcategorized by CD4 reconstitution after long-term suppressive treatment: Suboptimal [median CD4 count increase 129 (-43-199) cells/μl], N = 34 ], optimal [282 (200-415) cells/μl, N = 64] and super-optimal [528 (416-878) cells/μl, N = 30].
resultsBoth CD4+ and CD8 T-cell activation was significantly higher among suboptimal CD4 T-cell responders compared to super-optimal responders. In a multivariate model, CD4+CD38+HLADR+ T-cells were associated with suboptimal CD4 reconstitution [AOR, 5.7 (95% CI, 1.4-23, P = 0.014)]. T-cell exhaustion (CD4+PD1+ and CD8+PD1+) was higher among suboptimal relative to optimal (P < 0.001) and super-optimal responders (P < 0.001). T-cell exhaustion was significantly associated with suboptimal responders [AOR, 1.5 (95%CI, 1.1-2.1), P = 0.022].
conclusionT-cell activation and exhaustion persist among HIV-infected patients despite long-term, sustained HIV-RNA viral suppression. These immune abnormalities were associated with suboptimal CD4 reconstitution and their regulation may modify immune recovery among suboptimal responders to ART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.