ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2011
Racial segregation, income inequality, and mortality in US metropolitan areas.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Residential Segregation and Racial Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2017Pooled it
- Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation and Monocyte DNA Methylation Age Acceleration.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Predictors of outpatient follow-up care after adult emergency department asthma visits and association with 30-day outcomes.The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma · 2023Observational
- Racialized Housing Discrimination and Population Health: a Scoping Review and Research Agenda.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Article
- The Effect of Public Healthcare Expenditure on the Reduction in Mortality Rates Caused by Unhealthy Habits among the Population.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Overflowing Disparities: Examining the Availability of Litter Bins in New York City.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Measuring State-Level Racial Inequity in Severe Maternal Morbidity in the Medicaid Population.Maternal and child health journal · 2022Article
- Racial residential segregation and economic disparity jointly exacerbate COVID-19 fatality in large American cities.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2021Article
- Impact of Race and Socioeconomic Status on Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Article
- Comparison of All-Cause Mortality Rates and Inequities Between Black and White Populations Across the 30 Most Populous US Cities.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Independent and joint contributions of economic, social and physical environmental characteristics to mortality in the Detroit Metropolitan Area: A study of cumulative effects and pathways.Health & place · 2020Article
- Racial Residential Segregation and Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy Among Women in Chicago: Analysis of Electronic Health Record Data.American journal of hypertension · 2018Article
- Article
- Violent Injury and Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Oakland, California.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2017Article
- Racial Disparities in Poverty Account for Mortality Differences in US Medicare Beneficiaries.SSM - population health · 2016Article
- Social Determinants of Racial Disparities in CKD.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2016Review
- Matching the Genotype in Resolution: Innovative Ways of Phenotype Capture.Seminars in nephrology · 2015Review
- Influence of residential segregation on survival after AIDS diagnosis among non-Hispanic blacks.Annals of epidemiology · 2015Article
- Community Wise: Development of a Model to Address Oppression in Order to Promote Individual and Community Health.Journal of social work practice in the addictions · 2014Article
- Health inequalities and development plans in Iran; an analysis of the past three decades (1984-2010).International journal for equity in health · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence of the association between income inequality and mortality has been mixed. Studies indicate that growing income inequalities reflect inequalities between, rather than within, racial groups. Racial segregation may play a role. We examine the role of racial segregation on the relationship between income inequality and mortality in a cross-section of US metropolitan areas. Metropolitan areas were included if they had a population of at least 100,000 and were at least 10% black (N = 107). Deaths for the time period 1991-1999 were used to calculate age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates for each metropolitan statistical area (MSA) using direct age-adjustment techniques. Multivariate least squares regression was used to examine associations for the total sample and for blacks and whites separately. Income inequality was associated with lower mortality rates among whites and higher mortality rates among blacks. There was a significant interaction between income inequality and racial segregation. A significant graded inverse income inequality/mortality association was found for MSAs with higher versus lower levels of black-white racial segregation. Effects were stronger among whites than among blacks. A positive income inequality/mortality association was found in MSAs with higher versus lower levels of Hispanic-white segregation. Uncertainty regarding the income inequality/mortality association found in previous studies may be related to the omission of important variables such as racial segregation that modify associations differently between groups. Research is needed to further elucidate the risk and protective effects of racial segregation across groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.