ReviewInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2011
Impact of smoking on inflammation: overview of molecular mechanisms.
Review in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 299 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between smoking and the incidence of frailty.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2019Pooled it
- Replication and reproducibility issues in the relationship between C-reactive protein and depression: A systematic review and focused meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Pooled it
- Smoking as a predictor of frailty: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of honey supplementation on inflammatory markers among chronic smokers: a randomized controlled trial.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2017Trial
- The association between cigarette smoking and inflammation: The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and inflammation in Mexican American women: what is the role of obesity?Psychosomatic medicine · 2012Trial
- Tobacco and marijuana induce adverse effects on cardiac function and platelet activity and reduce tissue preservation following myocardial infarction.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol extracts induce myelopoiesis and suppress inflammatory cytokine production.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Smoking and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Catheter Ablation: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Article
- The association of epigenetic age acceleration with internal smoking dose, risk of lung cancer, and all-cause mortality in cigarette smokers: the Multiethnic Cohort study.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Serum cotinine-assessed tobacco exposure, cadmium co-exposure, and childhood obesity: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Latent classes of frailty and their association with intrinsic capacity inolder cancer survivors: A study under the healthy aging paradigm.Global health & medicine · 2026Article
- Trends and lifestyle contributions to frailty in US adults aged 50 and older: analysis of health and retirement study data (2004-2020).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Association of smoking cessation with late-life frailty risk: the Singapore Chinese health study.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Frailty in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: An Exploratory Machine Learning Analysis.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- Inflammatory biomarker outcomes associated with MDMA-assisted therapy: an open-label exploratory study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mediators of the association between psychological distress and mortality in people diagnosed with cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CARWL score as a predictor of radiation-induced periodontitis in locally advanced head and neck cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInflammation is a critical component of normal tissue repair, as well as being fundamental to the body's defense against infection. Environmental factors, such as smoking, have been reported to modify the host response and hence modify inflammation progression, severity and outcome. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which smoking affects inflammation is vital for preventive and therapeutic strategies on a clinical level.
aimThe purpose of the present article is to review the potential biological mechanisms by which smoking affects inflammation, emphasizing recent developments.
resultsSmoking is reported to effect a number of biological mediators of inflammation through its effect on immune-inflammatory cells, leading to an immunosuppressant state. Recent evidence strongly suggests that the molecular mechanisms behind the modulation of inflammation by smoking mainly involve the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) family, through the activation of both an inhibitor of IkB kinase (IKK)-dependent and -independent pathway. In addition to NF-kB activation, a number of transcriptional factors including GATA, PAX5 and Smad 3/4, have also been implicated.
conclusionMultiple mechanisms may be responsible for the association of smoking and inflammation, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets should guide future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.