ArticlePloS one2011
Differential in vitro effects of intravenous versus oral formulations of silibinin on the HCV life cycle and inflammation.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BioMed research international · 2014Pooled it
- A Comprehensive Review on the Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Potential of Silybin.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bioactive Natural Antivirals: An Updated Review of the Available Plants and Isolated Molecules.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Anti-cancer properties of specific Chinese herbal medicines for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.European journal of integrative medicine · 2020Review
- Antiviral Activities of Silymarin and Derivatives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Herbal management of hepatocellular carcinoma through cutting the pathways of the common risk factors.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2018Review
- Troglitazone Impedes the Oligomerization of Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide and Entry of Hepatitis B Virus Into Hepatocytes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Silymarin/Silybin and Chronic Liver Disease: A Marriage of Many Years.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Article
- Hepatitis C virus: Promising discoveries and new treatments.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Lipopolysaccharide and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibit Interferon Signaling in Hepatocytes by Increasing Ubiquitin-Like Protease 18 (USP18) Expression.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Review
- Article
- Inhibition of HIV by Legalon-SIL is independent of its effect on cellular metabolism.Virology · 2014Article
- A phase I dose-finding study of silybin phosphatidylcholine (milk thistle) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Integrative cancer therapies · 2014Article
- In silico studies of medicinal compounds against hepatitis C capsid protein from north India.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2014Article
- Phenothiazines inhibit hepatitis C virus entry, likely by increasing the fluidity of cholesterol-rich membranes.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Article
- Analysis of hepatitis C virus resistance to silibinin in vitro and in vivo points to a novel mechanism involving nonstructural protein 4B.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2013Article
- Hepatoprotective and antiviral functions of silymarin components in hepatitis C virus infection.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2013Review
- Interplay between Hepatitis C Virus and Redox Cell Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Silymarin prevents liver disease in many experimental rodent models, and is the most popular botanical medicine consumed by patients with hepatitis C. Silibinin is a major component of silymarin, consisting of the flavonolignans silybin A and silybin B, which are insoluble in aqueous solution. A chemically modified and soluble version of silibinin, SIL, has been shown to potently reduce hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in vivo when administered intravenously. Silymarin and silibinin inhibit HCV infection in cell culture by targeting multiple steps in the virus lifecycle. We tested the hepatoprotective profiles of SIL and silibinin in assays that measure antiviral and anti-inflammatory functions. Both mixtures inhibited fusion of HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) with fluorescent liposomes in a dose-dependent fashion. SIL inhibited 5 clinical genotype 1b isolates of NS5B RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity better than silibinin, with IC50 values of 40-85 µM. The enhanced activity of SIL may have been in part due to inhibition of NS5B binding to RNA templates. However, inhibition of the RdRps by both mixtures plateaued at 43-73%, suggesting that the products are poor overall inhibitors of RdRp. Silibinin did not inhibit HCV replication in subgenomic genotype 1b or 2a replicon cell lines, but it did inhibit JFH-1 infection. In contrast, SIL inhibited 1b but not 2a subgenomic replicons and also inhibited JFH-1 infection. Both mixtures inhibited production of progeny virus particles. Silibinin but not SIL inhibited NF-κB- and IFN-B-dependent transcription in Huh7 cells. However, both mixtures inhibited T cell proliferation to similar degrees. These data underscore the differences and similarities between the intravenous and oral formulations of silibinin, which could influence the clinical effects of this mixture on patients with chronic liver diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.