ArticlePediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies2011
Is there a difference in clinical outcomes, inflammation, and hypermetabolism between scald and flame burn?
Article in Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The hidden battlefield: platelet function in the wake of severe trauma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Assessment of Prehospital Care for Pediatric Patients with Thermal Injuries: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The treatment effect of operative intervention for flame versus scald burns in resource-limited settings.Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries · 2024Article
- Development and Validation of Indicators for Population Injury Surveillance in Hong Kong: Development and Usability Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Review
- Modern Aspects of Burn Injury Immunopathogenesis and Prognostic Immunobiochemical Markers (Mini-Review).Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2022Review
- Burns in Israel: Etiologic, Demographic, and Clinical trends-A 9-Year Updated Comprehensive Study, 2004-2010 versus 2011-2019.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2022Review
- Admission Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels as a Prognostic Factor in Pediatric Burns.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- Burn-induced hypermetabolism and skeletal muscle dysfunction.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2021Review
- The effect of burn mechanism on pediatric mortality in Malawi: A propensity weighted analysis.Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries · 2021Article
- A review of potential biomarkers for assessing physical and psychological trauma in paediatric burns.Burns & trauma · 2021Review
- Burn Induces Browning of the Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue in Mice and Humans.Cell reports · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSevere thermal injury induces inflammatory and hypermetabolic responses that are associated with morbidity and mortality. However, it is not well-documented whether the causes of burns affect inflammation, hypermetabolism, and morbidity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a difference in degree of inflammation, hypermetabolism, endocrine and acute-phase response, and clinical outcome between pediatric patients with scald and flame burns.
interventionsNone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsChildren with burns requiring surgical intervention were enrolled in this cohort study and divided into two groups, scald or flame burn. In a second assignment, we analyzed the study populations in representative subgroups containing individuals with third-degree burns of 40% to 60% total body surface area. We determined clinical outcomes, resting energy expenditures, cytokine profiles, acute-phase proteins, constitutive proteins, and hormone panels. Statistical analysis was evaluated by analysis of variance, Student's t test corrected with the Bonferroni post hoc test, and the propensity score. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. A total of 912 patients were identified. Six hundred seventy-four had a flame burn and 238 had a scald burn. There was a significant difference (p < .05) in burn size (flame, 48% ± 23%; scald, 40% ± 21%), third-degree burn (flame, 39% ± 27%; scald 22% ± 25%), age (flame, 8 ± 5 yrs; scald, 3 ± 3 yrs), and mortality between groups. Propensity analysis confirmed the type of burn as a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Subanalysis conducted in a representative patient group suffering from 40% to 60% burn total body surface area revealed that flame burns lead to significantly increased hypermetabolic, inflammatory, and acute-phase responses when compared to scald burns (p < .05). The frequency of sepsis was 3% in the scald burn group, while it was 14% in the flame group (p < .001). Multiorgan failure occurred in 14% of the scald patients, while it occurred in 17% of flame patients. The mortality in patients suffering from a scald burn was 3% compared to 6% in the flame-burned group (p < .05).
conclusionThe type of burn affects hypermetabolism, inflammation, acute-phase responses, and mortality postburn.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.