ArticleAIDS (London, England)2011
Persistence of HIV-associated cognitive impairment, inflammation, and neuronal injury in era of highly active antiretroviral treatment.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05678660 (Study of Neurological Aging Among People Living With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 232 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of Neurological Aging Among People Living With HIV (SNAP)
Who cites it
232 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 337 citations in OpenAlex.
- Worldwide Occurrence of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders and Its Associated Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Is There Any Evidence of Premature, Accentuated and Accelerated Aging Effects on Neurocognition in People Living with HIV? A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of brain metabolite differences in HIV infection.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Pooled it
- Inflammatory Biomarker Reduction With Fostemsavir Over 96 Weeks in Heavily Treatment-Experienced Adults With Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 in the BRIGHTE Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- JAM-A and ALCAM are therapeutic targets to inhibit diapedesis across the BBB of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in HIV-infected individuals.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2015Trial
- Associations between plasma biomarkers and changes in cognitive function over two years in people with and without HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Elevated neurotransmitter levels in people with HIV are associated with attention function.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Roles of HIV-1 Tat: A Review of Recent Evidence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Impact of Delayed HIV Diagnosis and Treatment on Dementia Risk in Later Life.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Neural compensation in persons with HIV and marijuana use: Insights from a reorganized DMN.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Combination antiretroviral therapy prevents SIV-induced aging in the hippocampus and neurodegeneration throughout the brain.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
- Article
- Neuroimaging advances in neurocognitive disorders among HIV-infected individuals.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- HIV Stigma is Associated with Two-Year Decline in Cognitive Performance Among People with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Neurocognition and its predictors in a linguistically and culturally diverse cohort of people with HIV.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2024Article
- CD14+CD16+ monocyte transmigration across the blood-brain barrier is associated with HIV-NCI despite viral suppression.JCI insight · 2024Article
- The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in HIV Patients-A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Multimodal Approach to Neurocognitive Function in People Living with HIV in the cART Era: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- HIV-1-infected T cell clones are shared across cerebrospinal fluid and blood during ART.JCI insight · 2024Article
- A Pilot Investigation of the Association Between Vpr Amino Acid Substitutions and Peripheral Immune Marker Levels in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Implications for Neurocognitive Impairment.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
172 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether cognitive impairment and brain injury as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) persist in the setting of HAART.
designThis study is an observational cohort study.
methodsMRS was performed in 268 patients: HIV-negative controls (N = 28), HIV-positive neuroasymptomatic individuals (N = 124), and individuals with AIDS dementia complex (ADC; N = 50) on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a mean duration of infection of 12 years and CD4 cell count of 309 cells/μl. Four metabolites were measured over creatine: N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), marker of neuronal integrity; choline (Cho), myoinositol, markers of inflammation, and glutamate and glutamine (Glx) in the basal ganglia, frontal white matter (FWM), and mid-frontal cortex. Analyses included analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, linear, and nonparametric regression models.
resultsCognitive impairment was found in 48% of HIV-infected individuals. Both HIV-positive groups showed significant increases in myoinositol/creatine or Cho/creatine in all brain regions when compared to controls; a significant decrease in Glx/creatine in the FWM was observed in the neuroasymptomatic group; and only individuals with ADC showed a significant reduction in NAA/creatine, although a significant trend for decreasing NAA/creatine in the basal ganglia was found across the groups. Effects related to aging and duration of infection, but not central nervous system penetration effectiveness were observed.
conclusionBrain inflammatory changes remain ubiquitous among HIV-infected individuals, whereas neuronal injury occurs predominantly in those with cognitive impairment. Together these findings indicate that despite the widespread use of HAART, HIV-associated cognitive impairment and brain injury persist in the setting of chronic and stable disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.