Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21297269›Full record

ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2011

Disturbed choline plasmalogen and phospholipid fatty acid concentrations in Alzheimer's disease prefrontal cortex.

Miki Igarashi, Kaizong Ma, Fei Gao, Hyung-Wook Kim, Stanley I Rapoport, Jagadeesh S Rao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Aberrant Medial Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Flexible Behavior in the TgF344-AD Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  7. Observational
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Lipid profiling reveals unsaturated lipid reduction in women with Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Elucidating the role of S100A10 in CD8Cell death & disease · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Miki IgarashiBrain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. miki.i@uci.edu
Kaizong Ma
Fei Gao
Hyung-Wook Kim
Stanley I Rapoport
Jagadeesh S Rao
Institute on Aging · USNational Institutes of Health · US

Funding

A Natonal Resource for Postmortem Brain ResearchR24MH068855 · NIMH · MC LEAN HOSPITAL (BELMONT, MA) · PI BENES, FRANCINE M. · 2003 to 2012
$14.8M
Lipids in Human Brain DiseaseZIAAG000428 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI RAPOPORT, STANLEY I. · 2009 to 2016
$2.6M
Brain Imaging In Human Aging, Alzheimer Disease And Other DisordersZIAAG000148 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI RAPOPORT, STANLEY I. · 2009 to 2016
$1.4M
Brain Imaging In Human Aging and Alzheimers DiseaseZ01AG000148 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI RAPOPORT, STANLEY I. · 2001 to 2008
$241k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 AG000148NIMH NIH HHS R24 MH068855NIMH NIH HHS R24MH068855
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain deposition of senile (neuritic) plaques containing amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, neuroinflammation, and overexpression of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) metabolizing enzymes. Lipid concentration changes have been reported in different brain regions, but often partially or as a percent of the total concentration. In this study, we measured absolute concentrations (per gram wet weight) of a wide range of lipids in postmortem prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9) from 10 AD patients and 9 non-AD controls. Mean total brain lipid, phospholipid, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations did not differ significantly between AD and controls. There was a significant 73% decrease in plasmalogen choline, but no difference in other measured phospholipids. Fatty acid concentrations in total phospholipid did not differ from control. However, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) was reduced in ethanolamine glycerophospholipid and choline glycerophospholipid, but increased in phosphatidylinositol. AA was reduced in choline glycerophospholipid, but increased in phosphatidylinositol, while docosatetraenoic acid (22:4n-6), an AA elongation product, was reduced in total brain lipid, cholesteryl ester and triglyceride. These lipid changes, which suggest extensive membrane remodeling, may contribute to membrane instability and synaptic loss in AD and reflect neuroinflammation.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAlzheimer DiseaseApolipoproteins EEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFatty AcidsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhospholipidsPlasmalogensPostmortem ChangesPrefrontal CortexStatistics, NonparametricApolipoproteins Echoline plasmalogensFatty AcidsPhospholipidsPlasmalogens

Identifiers

PMID21297269
PMCPMC3175096
OpenAlexW1629328346

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.