ArticleToxicology2011
2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide causes microvesication and inflammation-related histopathological changes in male hairless mouse skin.
Article in Toxicology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual-Action flavonol carbonized polymer dots spray: Accelerating burn wound recovery through immune responses modulation and EMT induction.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Chronic kidney disease amplifies severe kidney injury and mortality in a mouse model of skin arsenical exposure.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Article
- RETRACTED: Mitigation of Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Skin Injury by theThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- HSP90, a Common Therapeutic Target for Suppressing Skin Injury Caused by Exposure to Chemically Diverse Classes of Blistering Agents.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Dermal Exposure to Vesicating Nettle Agent Phosgene Oxime: Clinically Relevant Biomarkers and Skin Injury Progression in Murine Models.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Methimazole, an Effective Neutralizing Agent of the Sulfur Mustard Derivative 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2023Article
- Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Factors on Delay in Corneal Wound Healing by Nitrogen Mustard.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Sulfur mustard induced mast cell degranulation in mouse skin is inhibited by a novel anti-inflammatory and anticholinergic bifunctional prodrug.Toxicology letters · 2018Article
- Phosgene oxime: Injury and associated mechanisms compared to vesicating agents sulfur mustard and lewisite.Toxicology letters · 2018Review
- Sulfur mustard inhalation: mechanisms of injury, alteration of coagulation, and fibrinolytic therapy.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2016Review
- Mustard vesicating agent-induced toxicity in the skin tissue and silibinin as a potential countermeasure.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2016Review
- Corneal toxicity induced by vesicating agents and effective treatment options.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2016Review
- Nitrogen mustard exposure of murine skin induces DNA damage, oxidative stress and activation of MAPK/Akt-AP1 pathway leading to induction of inflammatory and proteolytic mediators.Toxicology letters · 2015Article
- Flavanone silibinin treatment attenuates nitrogen mustard-induced toxic effects in mouse skin.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2015Article
- Catalytic antioxidant AEOL 10150 treatment ameliorates sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide-associated cutaneous toxic effects.Free radical biology & medicine · 2014Article
- Article
- Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of nitrogen mustard-induced cutaneous effects in SKH-1 hairless and C57BL/6 mice.Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie · 2014Article
- Article
- Absence of a p53 allele delays nitrogen mustard-induced early apoptosis and inflammation of murine skin.Toxicology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (HD) is a vesicating agent that has been used as a chemical warfare agent in a number of conflicts, posing a major threat in both military conflict and chemical terrorism situations. Currently, we lack effective therapies to rescue skin injuries by HD, in part, due to the lack of appropriate animal models, which are required for conducting laboratory studies to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of promising agents that could potentially be translated in to real HD-caused skin injury. To address this challenge, the present study was designed to assess whether microvesication could be achieved in mouse skin by an HD analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) exposure; notably, microvesication is a key component of HD skin injury in humans. We found that skin exposure of male SKH-1 hairless mice to CEES caused epidermal-dermal separation indicating microvesication. In other studies, CEES exposure also caused an increase in skin bi-fold thickness, wet/dry weight ratio, epidermal thickness, apoptotic cell death, cell proliferation, and infiltration of macrophages, mast cells and neutrophils in male SKH-1 hairless mouse skin. Taken together, these results establish CEES-induced microvesication and inflammation-related histopathological changes in mouse skin, providing a potentially relevant laboratory model for developing effective countermeasures against HD skin injury in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.