ArticleAnnals of tropical medicine and parasitology2011
Risk factors for Giardia infection among hospitalized children in Cuba.
Article in Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Boiling Drinking Water on Diarrhea and Pathogen-Specific Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Pooled it
- First Assessment of Risk Factors forMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Individual and Community-Level Risk Factors for Giardiasis in Children under Five Years of Age in Pakistan: A Prospective Multi-Regional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Toward waterborne protozoa detection using sensing technologies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Anthropometric Indices of Giardia-Infected Under-Five Children Presenting with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea and Their Healthy Community Controls: Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Intestinal protozoan infections among children 0-168 months with diarrhea in Mozambique: June 2014 - January 2018.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Chronic nail biting, orthodontic treatment and Enterobacteriaceae in the oral cavity.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2019Article
- Risk factors for sporadic Giardia infection in the USA: a case-control study in Colorado and Minnesota.Epidemiology and infection · 2018Article
- Giardia lamblia infections in children in Ghana.The Pan African medical journal · 2016Article
- Care-seeking behaviour and diagnostic processes for symptomatic giardiasis in children attending an academic paediatric hospital.Pathogens and global health · 2014Article
- Habit Reversal versus Object Manipulation Training for Treating Nail Biting: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2013Article
- Parental perceptions of giardiasis: a study in an outpatient paediatric hospital setting in havana, cuba.ISRN preventive medicine · 2013Article
- Cross-sectional epidemiological investigations of Giardia lamblia in children in Pakistan.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicinaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The risk factors associated with Giardia infection, in children hospitalized in Havana, Cuba, were recently explored. Children aged ≥5 years were more likely to be positive for Giardia infection than the younger children, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3·41 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·36-9·69]. The risk factors found to be associated with Giardia infection in univariate analyses were rural residence (OR = 3·01; CI = 1·23-7·35), belonging to a household that did not receive water from an aqueduct (OR = 3·27; CI = 1·21-8·91), drinking unboiled water (OR = 3·64; CI = 2·14-6·26), nail biting (OR = 3·47; CI = 1·97-6·08), eating unwashed vegetables raw (OR = 4·84; CI = 2·33-10·14), and a personal (OR = 3·23; CI = 1·58-6·59) or family history (OR = 3·96; CI = 1·53-10·47) of previous parasitic infection. In multivariate analyses, however, only two (modifiable) risk factors were found to be independently and significantly associated with Giardia infection: nail biting and eating unwashed vegetables raw. It therefore seems that, at least at the individual level, giardiasis-prevention activities in Havana should be focussed on health education to improve personal hygiene and food-related practices. If appropriately managed, the surveillance of drinking water and foodstuffs, for Giardia and other parasites, might also help to reduce the hospitalization of Cuban children.
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