ReviewAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2011
Innate immunity in the human female reproductive tract: endocrine regulation of endogenous antimicrobial protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
Review in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokine signalling in vaginal epithelial cells: mechanistic insights into epithelial immunity and inflammatory milieu in vulvovaginal candidiasis.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Beyond the Barrier: Epithelial Cells as Immune Sentinels in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Innate Immunity and Microbial Recognition in Reproduction: From Barrier Defense to Maternal-Fetal Tolerance.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Characterization of Monomeric and Dimeric Forms of the Lectin TFF1 in the Human Vagina: Possible Role for the Innate Immune Defence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Dynamic chemokine profiles in cervical mucus during healthy pregnancy: IP-10 and MIP-1β as potential biomarkers of gestational immune adaptation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Impact of Single- Versus Multiple-Type HPV Infections on Cervical Cytological and Histological Abnormalities: The Dominant Oncogenic Potential of HPV16 Single-Type Infections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cervical mucus in linked human Cervix and Vagina Chips modulates vaginal dysbiosis.npj women's health · 2025Article
- Pregnancy enhances antiviral immunity independent of type I IFN but dependent on IL-17-producing γδScience advances · 2024Article
- Association of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) With Vaginal Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Influence of connatural factors in shaping vaginal microflora and ensuring its health.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- Microbial, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling of the estrous cycle in wild house mice.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Impact of aging on the frequency, phenotype, and function of CD4+ T cells in the human female reproductive tract.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Roles of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gynecological Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Role of Microbiota in the Immunopathogenesis of Endometrial Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Interplay Between Cervicovaginal Microbial Dysbiosis and Cervicovaginal Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Diversity of sialic acids and sialoglycoproteins in gametes and at fertilization.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Do endometrial immune changes with age prior to menopause compromise fertility in women?Exploration of immunology · 2022Article
- Vaginal delivery of vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- HIV Pathogenesis in the Human Female Reproductive Tract.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Clinical Manifestations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Associations With the Vaginal Microbiome: A Cross-Sectional Based Exploratory Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces of the female reproductive tract (FRT) contain a spectrum of antimicrobials that provide the first line of defense against viruses, bacteria, and fungi that enter the lower FRT. Once thought to be a sterile compartment, the upper FRT is periodically exposed to pathogens throughout the menstrual cycle. More recently, secretions from the upper FRT have been shown to contribute to downstream protection in the lower FRT. In this review, we examine the antimicrobials in FRT secretions made by immune cells and epithelial cells in the upper and lower FRT that contribute to innate protection. Because each site is hormonally regulated to maintain fertility, this review focuses on the contributions of hormone balance during the menstrual cycle to innate immune protection. As presented in this review, studies from our laboratory and others demonstrate that sex hormones regulate antimicrobials produced by innate immune cells throughout the FRT. The goal of this review is to examine the spectrum of antimicrobials in the FRT and the ways in which they are regulated to provide protection against pathogens that compromise reproductive health and threaten the lives of women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.