ArticleAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2011
Lower urinary connective tissue growth factor levels and incident CKD stage 3 in the general population.
Article in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Development and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis.Medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Its Ligands in Kidney Inflammation and Damage.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Review
- MMP-2 and 9 in Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Fat quality and incident cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and cancer mortality.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Article
- Novel urinary biomarkers in early diabetic kidney disease.Current diabetes reports · 2014Review
- Does HIV infection promote early kidney injury in women?Antiviral therapy · 2014Article
- Analysis of a urinary biomarker panel for incident kidney disease and clinical outcomes.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2013Article
- Biomarkers for incident CKD: a new framework for interpreting the literature.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2013Review
- Associations of urinary levels of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) with kidney function decline in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2012Article
- Advances in the use of multimarker panels for renal risk stratification.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is involved in the development and progression of kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis, but also may have a role in mesangial repair after injury. It is unknown whether, in the general population, urinary CTGF levels are associated with a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (ie, development of chronic kidney disease [CKD] stage 3). STUDY
designNested case-control. SETTING &
participants100 cases of incident CKD stage 3 and 100 age-and sex-matched controls in the Framingham Heart Study; 141 cases and 135 age-, sex-, and race-matched controls in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Controls had eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at follow-up in both studies. PREDICTORS: Urinary CTGF concentrations. OUTCOMES: Incident CKD stage 3, defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). MEASUREMENTS: Stored urine samples from Framingham Heart Study and ARIC were measured for CTGF. Covariates were obtained from Framingham Heart Study and ARIC participant examinations.
resultsIn the Framingham Heart Study, the median baseline urinary CTGF concentration was lower in cases (1.35 ng/mL) than controls (2.35 ng/mL; paired t test, P < 0.0001). The multivariable-adjusted OR for incident CKD stage 3 was 0.33 (95% CI, 0.17-0.64; P < 0.001) per 1-standard deviation in log urinary CTGF level after adjustment for CKD risk factors, baseline eGFR, and baseline log urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, with similar results in participants without diabetes (n = 184). Results were not materially different when urinary CTGF level was indexed to urinary creatinine level (multivariable-adjusted OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.21-0.56; P < 0.001). A similar, but nonsignificant, trend of risk of incident CKD stage 3 with lower baseline urinary CTGF concentration was observed in an independent case-control study conducted in the ARIC Study, with the strongest results observed in participants free of diabetes. This inverse relationship was robust in meta-analysis of both the overall and diabetes-free groups. LIMITATIONS: Observational study; causality cannot be inferred.
conclusionsLower urinary CTGF concentrations precede the onset of CKD stage 3 in the general population. Further work is required to fully characterize how CTGF level influences risk of CKD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.