ArticleJournal of virology2011
Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 209 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
209 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 470 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can aerosols-generating dental, oral and maxillofacial, and orthopedic surgical procedures lead to disease transmission? An implication on the current COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in oral health · 2022Pooled it
- Are saliva and deep throat sputum as reliable as common respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection? A systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of infection control · 2021Pooled it
- Saliva sample for the massive screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review.Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology · 2021Pooled it
- Performance of Saliva, Oropharyngeal Swabs, and Nasal Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Detection: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- ACE2 & TMPRSS2 Expressions in Head & Neck Tissues: A Systematic Review.Head and neck pathology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Insufficient etiological workup of COVID-19-associated acute pancreatitis: A systematic review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2020Pooled it
- RT-qPCR assays based on saliva rather than on nasopharyngeal swabs are possible but should be interpreted with caution: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2020Pooled it
- Smell and Taste Dysfunction in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2020Pooled it
- Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Saliva as a Candidate for COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of commercial mouth-rinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: randomized control trial in Singapore.Infection · 2021Trial
- Exploring Spike-Dependent and ACE2-Independent SARS-CoV-2 Interactions with Salivary Epithelial Cells in the Absence of ACE2.Biology · 2026Article
- Construction of Synthetic Probiotic Bacteria for In Situ Delivery of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nanobodies.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Xerostomia after COVID-19 recovery: A preliminary investigation.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Observational
- Infectivity duration of HCoV-OC43, a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, in artificial bodily fluids on stainless steel simulating common nonporous surfaces.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Challenges of Diagnosis and Management of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Literature Review.Current aging science · 2025Review
- Recent advances and applications of human lung alveolar organoids.Molecules and cells · 2024Review
- Assessment of dental clinics' infection control function using a checklist during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Review
149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) into saliva droplets plays a critical role in viral transmission. The source of high viral loads in saliva, however, remains elusive. Here we investigate the early target cells of infection in the entire array of respiratory tissues in Chinese macaques after intranasal inoculations with a single-cycle pseudotyped virus and a pathogenic SARS-CoV. We found that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-positive (ACE2(+)) cells were widely distributed in the upper respiratory tract, and ACE2(+) epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts were the early target cells productively infected. Our findings also have implications for SARS-CoV early diagnosis and prevention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.