ArticleVaccine2011
Stability of RNA virus attenuation approaches.
Article in Vaccine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances and challenges in avian influenza vaccines: From conventional approaches to next-generation strategies.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Synthetic rational design of live-attenuated Zika viruses based on a computational model.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Single-Dose Immunogenic DNA Vaccines Coding for Live-Attenuated Alpha- and Flaviviruses.Viruses · 2024Review
- Rational Development of Live-Attenuated Zika Virus Vaccines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Live-Attenuated VEEV Vaccine Delivered by iDNA Using Microneedles Is Immunogenic in Rabbits.Frontiers in tropical diseases · 2022Article
- A genetically stable Zika virus vaccine candidate protects mice against virus infection and vertical transmission.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Directed attenuation to enhance vaccine immunity.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Methods for measuring the evolutionary stability of engineered genomes to improve their longevity.Synthetic biology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Rationally Attenuated Vaccines for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Protect Against Epidemic Strains with a Single Dose.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Article
- Recombinant vector vaccine evolution.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- DNA-launched live-attenuated vaccines for biodefense applications.Expert review of vaccines · 2016Review
- Middle East respiratory syndrome: obstacles and prospects for vaccine development.Expert review of vaccines · 2015Review
- Evolutionary reversion of live viral vaccines: Can genetic engineering subdue it?Virus evolution · 2015Article
- IRES-based Venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccine candidate elicits protective immunity in mice.Virology · 2013Article
- Novel vaccine against Venezuelan equine encephalitis combines advantages of DNA immunization and a live attenuated vaccine.Vaccine · 2013Article
- IRES-driven expression of the capsid protein of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus TC-83 vaccine strain increases its attenuation and safety.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Article
- Attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by molecular breeding of virus envelope genes from genetically divergent strains.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Attenuation of Chikungunya virus vaccine strain 181/clone 25 is determined by two amino acid substitutions in the E2 envelope glycoprotein.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- A vaccine candidate for eastern equine encephalitis virus based on IRES-mediated attenuation.Vaccine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The greatest risk from live-attenuated vaccines is reversion to virulence. Particular concerns arise for RNA viruses, which exhibit high mutation frequencies. We examined the stability of 3 attenuation strategies for the alphavirus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV): a traditional, point mutation-dependent attenuation approach exemplified by TC-83; a rationally designed, targeted-mutation approach represented by V3526; and a chimeric vaccine, SIN/TC/ZPC. Our findings suggest that the chimeric strain combines the initial attenuation of TC-83 with the greater phenotypic stability of V3526, highlighting the importance of the both initial attenuation and stability for live-attenuated vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.