ArticleSleep2011
Macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) may be a key factor in inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea.
Article in Sleep, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations Between Morning Salivary and Blood Cortisol Concentrations in Individuals With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with cortisol levels? A systematic review of the research evidence.Sleep medicine reviews · 2012Pooled it
- A Retrospective Study on the Association of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index in Predicting the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Personalization of Cancer Treatment: Exploring the Role of Chronotherapy in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Unravelling infiltrating T-cell heterogeneity in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma: Integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome In Vitro Model: Controlled Intermittent Hypoxia Stimulation of Human Stem Cells-Derived Cardiomyocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Metabolic alterations and systemic inflammation in overweight/obese children with obstructive sleep apnea.PloS one · 2021Article
- Article
- That's not it, either-neither polymorphisms in PHOX2B nor in MIF are involved in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).International journal of legal medicine · 2015Article
- Decreased levels of serum nesfatin-1 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2015Article
- Lifestyle effects on hematopoiesis and atherosclerosis.Circulation research · 2015Review
- Disturbed sleep and inflammatory cytokines in depressed and nondepressed pregnant women: an exploratory analysis of pregnancy outcomes.Psychosomatic medicine · 2013Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms and plasma levels in children with obstructive sleep apnea.Pediatric pulmonology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThis study investigated the 24-hour variation of macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF), a cytokine which induces insensitivity to the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids, in patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as compared to healthy adults with no OSA.
participantsFifty-three men and women with OSA (mean apnea/hypopnea index [AHI] = 39.5) and 24 healthy adults (Non-OSA, AHI = 5.1). MEASUREMENTS: Over a 24-h period, blood was collected every 2 h for MIF and cortisol determination. The following night, sleep was monitored with polysomnography.
resultsMIF showed a strong 24-h variation, with a peak at 04:00 and a nadir at 22:00. Patients with OSA showed 25% higher MIF levels (area under the curve) over 24 h than healthy controls. Furthermore, MIF levels were significantly associated with AHI and total arousal index (ArI), even after adjusting for BMI. Cortisol showed the expected 24-h variation (peaking at 06:00), but no cortisol differences were observed between OSA and Non-OSA groups.
conclusionMIF is elevated in patients with OSA and is related to OSA severity, while there was no difference in cortisol levels. MIF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which additionally inhibits the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. Thus, elevated MIF levels in OSA may contribute to elevated inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.