Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2011
Lactobacillus GG as an immune adjuvant for live-attenuated influenza vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04884776 (Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Enhance Health and Immunity of Vulnerable Individuals During COVID-19 Pandemic), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Enhance Health and Immunity of Vulnerable Individuals During COVID-19 Pandemic
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of probiotics on respiratory tract infection with special emphasis on COVID-19: Systemic review 2010-20.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- The influence of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation on antibody titers after influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of oral administration of single strainFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Personalized B cell response to theGut microbes · 2020Trial
- Effects of probiotic administration on immune responses of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes to a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Trial
- Impact of ageing and a synbiotic on the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination; a randomised controlled trial.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2018Trial
- Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Influenza: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Emerging Evidence.Viruses · 2026Review
- The emerging role of the gut microbiota in vaccination responses.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- A Safe and Versatile Minicell Platform Derived fromJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Dietary Modulation of the Immune System.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Advancing vaccine technology through the manipulation of pathogenic and commensal bacteria.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Review
- Molecular Mechanisms ofMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Stable expression of HIV-1 MPER extended epitope on the surface of the recombinant probiotic bacteria Escherichia Coli Nissle 1917 using CRISPR/Cas9.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Dietary intervention with functional foods modulating gut microbiota for improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Influence of Microbiota on Vaccine Effectiveness: "Is the Microbiota the Key to Vaccine-induced Responses?"Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Review
- Harnessing Innate Immunity to TreatCells · 2023Article
- Consumption of yogurt fermented withBioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2023Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesLive-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) protects against influenza by mucosal activation of the immune system. Studies in animals and adults have demonstrated that probiotics improve the immune response to mucosally delivered vaccines. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus GG (LGG) would function as an immune adjuvant to increase rates of seroconversion after LAIV administration. SUBJECTS/
methodsWe conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study to determine whether LGG improved rates of seroconversion after administration of LAIV. We studied 42 healthy adults during the 2007-2008 influenza season. All subjects received LAIV and then were randomized to LGG or placebo, twice daily for 28 days. Hemagglutinin inhibition titers were assessed at baseline, at day 28 and at day 56 to determine the rates of seroconversion. Subjects were assessed for adverse events throughout the study period.
resultsA total of 39 subjects completed the per-protocol analysis. Both LGG and LAIV were well tolerated. Protection rates against the vaccine H1N1 and B strains were suboptimal in subjects receiving LGG and placebo. For the H3N2 strain, 84% receiving LGG vs 55% receiving placebo had a protective titer 28 days after vaccination (odds of having a protective titer was 1.84 95% confidence interval 1.04-3.22, P=0.048).
conclusionLactobacillus GG is potential as an important adjuvant to improve influenza vaccine immunogenicity. Future studies of probiotics as immune adjuvants might need to specifically consider examining vaccine-naïve or sero-negative subjects, target mucosal immune responses or focus on groups known to have poor response to influenza vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.