Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21285958›Full record

ArticleNature communications2011

Tumour microvesicles contain retrotransposon elements and amplified oncogene sequences.

Leonora Balaj, Ryan Lessard, Lixin Dai, Yoon-Jae Cho, Scott L Pomeroy, Xandra O Breakefield, Johan Skog

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 730 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
730citing papers in PubMed
23.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

730 citing papers in PubMed, 1,158 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Osmotic Remodeling of Extracellular Vesicles for Precision Nanomedicine.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Biology and Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes, Targeted Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles From Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue Secretome Using Size-Exclusion Chromatography.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

670 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Leonora BalajDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
Ryan Lessard
Lixin Dai
Yoon-Jae Cho
Scott L Pomeroy
Xandra O Breakefield
Johan Skog
Massachusetts General Hospital · USHarvard University · USBoston Children's Hospital · USHigh Throughput Biology (United States) · US

Funding

The role of microvesicles in giloma virotherapyP01CA069246 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHAREST, ALAIN · 1996 to 2021
$30.9M
StatisticsP50CA086355 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WEISSLEDER, MD, PHD, RALPH · 2000 to 2015
$27.8M
GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF MEDULLOBLASTOMASR01CA109467 · NCI · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON · PI MESIROV, JILL P., POMEROY, SCOTT LOREN · 2004 to 2015
$7.3M
Tumor exosomes as agents of genetic changeR01CA141150 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BREAKEFIELD, XANDRA OWENS · 2009 to 2011
$873k
Serum exosome diagnosis for gliomaR21CA141226 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BREAKEFIELD, XANDRA OWENS · 2009 to 2010
$424k
NCI NIH HHS CA109467NCI NIH HHS CA141150NCI NIH HHS CA141226NCI NIH HHS CA69246NCI NIH HHS CA86355NCI NIH HHS P01 CA069246NCI NIH HHS P50 CA086355NCI NIH HHS R01 CA109467NCI NIH HHS R01 CA141150NCI NIH HHS R21 CA141226
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumour cells release an abundance of microvesicles containing a selected set of proteins and RNAs. Here, we show that tumour microvesicles also carry DNA, which reflects the genetic status of the tumour, including amplification of the oncogene c-Myc. We also find amplified c-Myc in serum microvesicles from tumour-bearing mice. Further, we find remarkably high levels of retrotransposon RNA transcripts, especially for some human endogenous retroviruses, such as LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposon elements, in tumour microvesicles and these transposable elements could be transferred to normal cells. These findings expand the nucleic acid content of tumour microvesicles to include: elevated levels of specific coding and non-coding RNA and DNA, mutated and amplified oncogene sequences and transposable elements. Thus, tumour microvesicles contain a repertoire of genetic information available for horizontal gene transfer and potential use as blood biomarkers for cancer.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell Line, TumorDNA, ComplementaryElectrophoresis, Agar GelEndothelial CellsGene DosageHumansMiceNeoplasmsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycRetroelementsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA PrecursorsSecretory VesiclesUmbilical VeinsDNA, ComplementaryProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycRetroelementsRNA Precursors

Identifiers

PMID21285958
PMCPMC3040683
OpenAlexW1991390602

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.