ReviewJournal of translational medicine2011
Selective transmission of R5 HIV-1 variants: where is the gatekeeper?
Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of novel HIV-1 dependency factors in primary CCR4(+)CCR6(+)Th17 cells via a genome-wide transcriptional approach.Retrovirology · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Untangling the effects of within-host and between-host natural selection in viruses with applications to evolution of HIV-1 co-receptor usage.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026Article
- Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of CXCR4-using transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Immune-selection stability is a neglected property of the causal risk ratio.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 exploits LBPA-dependent intraepithelial trafficking for productive infection of human intestinal mucosa.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Spermine and spermidine bind CXCR4 and inhibit CXCR4- but not CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection.Science advances · 2023Article
- Antigen Presenting Cell-Mediated HIV-1Medical research archives · 2023Article
- Review
- The Influence BetweenAIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Review
- Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Unique profile of predominant CCR5-tropic in CRF07_BC HIV-1 infections and discovery of an unusual CXCR4-tropic strain.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission networks and drug resistance among men who have sex with men in Tianjin, China (2014-2018).Virology journal · 2020Article
- Article
- Importance of structure-based studies for the design of a novel HIV-1 inhibitor peptide.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- In vitro replicative fitness of early Transmitted founder HIV-1 variants and sensitivity to Interferon alpha.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Inhibition of HIV Replication by Apolipoprotein A-I Binding Protein Targeting the Lipid Rafts.mBio · 2020Article
- Dual CCR5/CCR2 targeting: opportunities for the cure of complex disorders.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2019Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To enter target cells HIV-1 uses CD4 and a coreceptor. In vivo the coreceptor function is provided either by CCR5 (for R5) or CXCR4 (for X4 HIV-1). Although both R5 and X4 HIV-1 variants are present in body fluids (semen, blood, cervicovaginal and rectal secretions), R5 HIV-1 appears to transmit infection and dominates early stages of HIV disease. Moreover, recent sequence analysis of virus in acute infection shows that, in the majority of cases of transmission, infection is initiated by a single virus. Therefore, the existence of a "gatekeeper" that selects R5 over X4 HIV-1 and that operates among R5 HIV-1 variants has been suggested. In the present review we consider various routes of HIV-transmission and discuss potential gatekeeping mechanisms associated with each of these routes. Although many mechanisms have been identified none of them explains the almost perfect selection of R5 over X4 in HIV-1 transmission. We suggest that instead of one strong gatekeeper there are multiple functional gatekeepers and that their superimposition is sufficient to protect against X4 HIV-1 infection and potentially select among R5 HIV-1 variants. In conclusion, we propose that the principle of multiple barriers is more general and not restricted to protection against X4 HIV-1 but rather can be applied to other phenomena when one factor has a selective advantage over the other(s). In the case of gatekeepers for HIV-1 transmission, the task is to identify them and to decipher their molecular mechanisms. Knowledge of the gatekeepers' localization and function may enable us to enhance existing barriers against R5 transmission and to erect the new ones against all HIV-1 variants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.