ArticleBMC developmental biology2011
A regulatory network of two galectins mediates the earliest steps of avian limb skeletal morphogenesis.
Article in BMC developmental biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell condensation initiates organogenesis: the role of actin dynamics in supracellular self-organizing process.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Network representation and analysis of energy coupling mechanisms in cellular metabolism by a graph-theoretical approach.Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2022Article
- Galectin network in osteoarthritis: galectin-4 programs a pathogenic signature of gene and effector expression in human chondrocytes in vitro.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2022Article
- N-terminal tail prolines of Gal-3 mediate its oligomerization/phase separation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- The Forgotten Skeletogenic Condensations: A Comparison of Early Skeletal Development Amongst Vertebrates.Journal of developmental biology · 2019Review
- Galectin-8 induces functional disease markers in human osteoarthritis and cooperates with galectins-1 and -3.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2018Article
- Erratum to: Treadmill Exercise Attenuates α-Synuclein Levels by Promoting Mitochondrial Function and Autophagy Possibly via SIRT1 in the Chronic MPTP/P-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.Neurotoxicity research · 2017Article
- Seasonal and flight-related variation of galectin expression in heart, liver and flight muscles of yellow-rumped warblers (Setophaga coronata).Glycoconjugate journal · 2017Article
- Complexity: the organizing principle at the interface of biological (dis)order.Journal of genetics · 2017Review
- The evolutionary origin of digit patterning.EvoDevo · 2017Review
- 'Biogeneric' developmental processes: drivers of major transitions in animal evolution.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
- Deep phylogenomics of a tandem-repeat galectin regulating appendicular skeletal pattern formation.BMC evolutionary biology · 2016Article
- Nuclear repartitioning of galectin-1 by an extracellular glycan switch regulates mammary morphogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Multigenic Delineation of Lower Jaw Deformity in Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.).PloS one · 2016Article
- Heterologous expression of newly identified galectin-8 from sea urchin embryos produces recombinant protein with lactose binding specificity and anti-adhesive activity.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- From Skeletal Development to Tissue Engineering: Lessons from the Micromass Assay.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2015Review
- Article
- Unraveling functional significance of natural variations of a human galectin by glycodendrimersomes with programmable glycan surface.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Lectins: getting familiar with translators of the sugar code.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
- Structural divergence in vertebrate phylogeny of a duplicated prototype galectin.Genome biology and evolution · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe skeletal elements of vertebrate embryonic limbs are prefigured by rod- and spot-like condensations of precartilage mesenchymal cells. The formation of these condensations depends on cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, but how they are initiated and patterned is as yet unresolved.
resultsHere we provide evidence that galectins, β-galactoside-binding lectins with β-sandwich folding, play fundamental roles in these processes. We show that among the five chicken galectin (CG) genes, two, CG-1A, and CG-8, are markedly elevated in expression at prospective sites of condensation in vitro and in vivo, with their protein products appearing earlier in development than any previously described marker. The two molecules enhance one another's gene expression but have opposite effects on condensation formation and cartilage development in vivo and in vitro: CG-1A, a non-covalent homodimer, promotes this process, while the tandem-repeat-type CG-8 antagonizes it. Correspondingly, knockdown of CG-1A inhibits the formation of skeletal elements while knockdown of CG-8 enhances it. The apparent paradox of mutual activation at the gene expression level coupled with antagonistic roles in skeletogenesis is resolved by analysis of the direct effect of the proteins on precartilage cells. Specifically, CG-1A causes their aggregation, whereas CG-8, which has no adhesive function of its own, blocks this effect. The developmental appearance and regulation of the unknown cell surface moieties ("ligands") to which CG-1A and CG-8 bind were indicative of specific cognate- and cross-regulatory interactions.
conclusionOur findings indicate that CG-1A and CG-8 constitute a multiscale network that is a major mediator, earlier-acting than any previously described, of the formation and patterning of precartilage mesenchymal condensations in the developing limb. This network functions autonomously of limb bud signaling centers or other limb bud positional cues.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.