ArticlePloS one2011
Regulation of pacing strategy during athletic competition.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effects of Heat Adaptation on Physiology, Perception and Exercise Performance in the Heat: A Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Pooled it
- Elevated muscle pain induced by a hypertonic saline injection reduces power output independent of physiological changes during fixed perceived effort cycling.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Trial
- Effect of different pacing strategies on 4-km cycling time trial performance.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2023Trial
- Effects of a 4-week high-intensity interval training on pacing during 5-km running trial.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2017Trial
- Endurance exercise performance in acute hypoxia is influenced by expiratory flow limitation.European journal of applied physiology · 2015Trial
- Pacing strategies during repeated maximal voluntary contractions.European journal of applied physiology · 2014Trial
- Effects of isolated locomotor muscle fatigue on pacing and time trial performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2013Trial
- Pacing Profiles in Half-Marathon and Marathon Running Based on Performance Level, Sex, and Age: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Do All Paths Lead to Mental Fatigue or Is It Merely a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Physiological and performance-related variables associated with long-distance running performance in female distance runners.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Influence of Sex, Athletic Category and Athletic Level on Marathon Pacing Strategy: An Analysis of the Trinidad Alfonso EDP Valencia Marathon From 2014 to 2023.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- The Ergogenic Effects of Intermittent Palm Cooling on Repeated Baseball Throwing Are Reversed when Cooling-Induced Pain Occurs.Journal of human kinetics · 2025Article
- Having the Heart to Exercise Control: Cardiac Interoception Influences Self-Paced Exercise Regulation.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Estimate Anaerobic Work Capacity and Critical Power with Constant-Power All-Out Test.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Running Variability in Marathon-Evaluation of the Pacing Variables.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- The variability of competitive performance and pacing strategies in different rounds of the 400 m and 800 m freestyle swimming races at the 2017-2024 World Swimming Championships.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- A Pilot Study Using Entropy for Optimizing Self-Pacing during a Marathon.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Redirected Attention and Impaired Recognition Memory during Exhaustive Cycling Has Implications for Information Processing Models of Effort-Regulation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Music Alters Conscious Distance Monitoring without Changing Pacing and Performance during a Cycling Time Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Listening to music during a repeated sprint test improves performance and psychophysiological responses in healthy and physically active male adults.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAthletic competition has been a source of interest to the scientific community for many years, as a surrogate of the limits of human ambulatory ability. One of the remarkable things about athletic competition is the observation that some athletes suddenly reduce their pace in the mid-portion of the race and drop back from their competitors. Alternatively, other athletes will perform great accelerations in mid-race (surges) or during the closing stages of the race (the endspurt). This observation fits well with recent evidence that muscular power output is regulated in an anticipatory way, designed to prevent unreasonably large homeostatic disturbances. PRINCIPAL
findingsHere we demonstrate that a simple index, the product of the momentary Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and the fraction of race distance remaining, the Hazard Score, defines the likelihood that athletes will change their velocity during simulated competitions; and may effectively represent the language used to allow anticipatory regulation of muscle power output.
conclusionsThese data support the concept that the muscular power output during high intensity exercise performance is actively regulated in an anticipatory manner that accounts for both the momentary sensations the athlete is experiencing as well as the relative amount of a competition to be completed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.