ArticlePloS one2011
Evolutionary dynamics of the Ty3/gypsy LTR retrotransposons in the genome of Anopheles gambiae.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Two Nested Inversions in the X Chromosome Differentiate the Dominant Malaria Vectors in Europe,Insects · 2024Article
- Species-Specific Transcription Factors Associated with Long Terminal Repeat Promoters of Endogenous Retroviruses: A Comprehensive Review.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Mobilome of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Do Ty3/Gypsy Transposable Elements Play Preferential Roles in Sex Chromosome Differentiation?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The genome trilogy of Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector, reveals structure of a locus associated with adaptation to environmental heterogeneity.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Transposable element variants and their potential adaptive impact in urban populations of the malaria vectorGenome research · 2022Article
- Suppressor of hairy-wing, modifier of mdg4 and centrosomal protein of 190 gene orthologues of the gypsy insulator complex in the malaria mosquito, Anopheles stephensi.Insect molecular biology · 2016Article
- Genome of Rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector of Chagas disease, reveals unique adaptations to hematophagy and parasite infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Identification and characterization of expressed retrotransposons in the genome of the Paracoccidioides species complex.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Endogenous siRNAs and piRNAs derived from transposable elements and genes in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Increased production of piRNAs from euchromatic clusters and genes in Anopheles gambiae compared with Drosophila melanogaster.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2015Article
- Losing identity: structural diversity of transposable elements belonging to different classes in the genome of Anopheles gambiae.BMC genomics · 2012Article
- Drosophila errantiviruses.Mobile genetic elements · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ty3/gypsy elements represent one of the most abundant and diverse LTR-retrotransposon (LTRr) groups in the Anopheles gambiae genome, but their evolutionary dynamics have not been explored in detail. Here, we conduct an in silico analysis of the distribution and abundance of the full complement of 1045 copies in the updated AgamP3 assembly. Chromosomal distribution of Ty3/gypsy elements is inversely related to arm length, with densities being greatest on the X, and greater on the short versus long arms of both autosomes. Taking into account the different heterochromatic and euchromatic compartments of the genome, our data suggest that the relative abundance of Ty3/gypsy LTRrs along each chromosome arm is determined mainly by the different proportions of heterochromatin, particularly pericentric heterochromatin, relative to total arm length. Additionally, the breakpoint regions of chromosomal inversion 2La appears to be a haven for LTRrs. These elements are underrepresented more than 7-fold in euchromatin, where 33% of the Ty3/gypsy copies are associated with genes. The euchromatin on chromosome 3R shows a faster turnover rate of Ty3/gypsy elements, characterized by a deficit of proviral sequences and the lowest average sequence divergence of any autosomal region analyzed in this study. This probably reflects a principal role of purifying selection against insertion for the preservation of longer conserved syntenyc blocks with adaptive importance located in 3R. Although some Ty3/gypsy LTRrs show evidence of recent activity, an important fraction are inactive remnants of relatively ancient insertions apparently subject to genetic drift. Consistent with these computational predictions, an analysis of the occupancy rate of putatively older insertions in natural populations suggested that the degenerate copies have been fixed across the species range in this mosquito, and also are shared with the sibling species Anopheles arabiensis.
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