ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2011
Long-lived autoreactive plasma cells drive persistent autoimmune inflammation.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 195 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
195 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 361 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of natalizumab on oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Daratumumab for autoimmune diseases: a systematic review.RMD open · 2023Pooled it
- The diversity of the plasmablast signature across species and experimental conditions: A meta-analysis.Immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitors and Autoimmune Diseases: Making Sense of BTK Inhibitor Specificity Profiles and Recent Clinical Trial Successes and Failures.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Daratumumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: a single-arm phase 2 trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- InterferonFrontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- The proteasome inhibitior bortezomib depletes plasma cells and ameliorates clinical manifestations of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2015Trial
- B cell depletion in immune thrombocytopenia reveals splenic long-lived plasma cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2013Trial
- Induction of long-term B-cell depletion in refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients preferentially affects autoreactive more than protective humoral immunity.Arthritis research & therapy · 2012Trial
- Review
- Geranylgeranylation is required for B-cell proliferation and plasma cell survival implications for autoimmune therapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Next-generation immune cell engagers for B cell depletion in autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Selective ablation of dsDNA-specific plasma cells improves lupus nephritis in NZB/W mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- From Rescue Therapy to Mechanism-Based Sequencing in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis: A Narrative Review with an Illustrative Clinical Case.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Recognition and management of acute relapse of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- CAR T cell therapy beyond cancer: current status, challenges and future prospects.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Decoding Lupus Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Therapy: From Systemic Autoimmunity to Renal Damage.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Stage-resolved mapping of RP105 (CD180)-negative B cells reveals residual plasmablast-lineage skewing in SLE: a cross-sectional study.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- B Cells or T Cells in the Development and Sustenance of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Who is the Potential Contributor?Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Review
135 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aberrant production of autoantibodies by inappropriately self-reactive plasma cells is an inherent characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Several therapeutic strategies aim to deplete the plasma cell pool, or to prevent maturation of B cells into plasma cells. However, accepted views of B-cell biology are changing; recent findings show that long-lived plasma cells refractory to immunosuppressants and B-cell depletion therapies contribute to the maintenance of humoral memory and, in autoimmunity, to autoreactive memory. As a consequence of their longevity and persistence, long-lived plasma cells can support chronic inflammatory processes in autoimmune diseases by continuously secreting pathogenic antibodies, and they can contribute to flares of symptoms. As long-lived plasma cells are not sufficiently eliminated by current therapies, these findings are extremely relevant to the development of novel concepts for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Thus, long-lived plasma cells appear to be a promising new therapeutic target.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.