ArticleNeuroepidemiology2011
Smokers with multiple sclerosis are more likely to report comorbid autoimmune diseases.
Article in Neuroepidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01018537 (NARCOMS Global Multiple Sclerosis Registry), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
NARCOMS Global Multiple Sclerosis Registry: A Long-Term Study to Facilitate Research in Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The incidence and prevalence of comorbid gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, ocular, pulmonary, and renal disorders in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2015Pooled it
- A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: overview.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2015Pooled it
- A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2015Pooled it
- Comorbidity and modifiable risk factors in multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Review
- The impact of autoimmune comorbidities on multiple sclerosis progression: insights from a longitudinal single-center study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Acute Myocardial Infarction and Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Comorbidities.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Onset Symptom Clusters in Multiple Sclerosis: Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Risk Factors.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Impact of delayed treatment on exacerbations of multiple sclerosis among Puerto Rican patients.Surgical neurology international · 2019Article
- Increased incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in multiple sclerosis: A nationwide cohort study.Medicine · 2016Article
- Article
- Principal component analysis characterizes shared pathogenetics from genome-wide association studies.PLoS computational biology · 2014Article
- The Canadian survey of health, lifestyle and ageing with multiple sclerosis: methodology and initial results.BMJ open · 2014Article
- Tobacco smoking and disability progression in multiple sclerosis: United Kingdom cohort study.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2013Article
- Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a review with a focus on molecular mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2012Review
- Symptom Co-occurrences Associated with Smoking in Individuals with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of MS careArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsSmoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune disease, and might explain an increased risk of comorbid autoimmune disease (CAD) in MS. We compared the risk of CAD in smokers and nonsmokers with MS.
methodsParticipants enrolled in the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis Registry reported their smoking status, the presence of CAD and the year of diagnosis. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent association between smoking and CAD. We also compared the risk of developing a CAD in current smokers versus never-smokers who did not report any CAD at MS onset, using a proportional hazards model.
resultsAmong 8,875 participants reporting comorbidities and smoking status, 1,649 (18.5%) reported a CAD. In a multivariable logistic model, ever-smokers had increased odds of reporting a CAD (odds ratio: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08-1.38). Among the 7,830 participants without a CAD at onset of MS who reported their smoking status, including the age at which they started smoking, 3,035 (36.8%) currently smoked, while 3,805 (48.6%) never smoked. After adjustment, smokers had an increased risk of developing any autoimmune disease (hazard ratio: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08-1.41) after MS onset.
conclusionSmoking is associated with an increased risk of CAD in MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.