ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
Functional imaging of human extraocular muscles in head tilt dependent hypertropia.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Functional Anatomy of Ocular Counter-Rolling in Superior Oblique Palsy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Comparison of head tilt test between sagging eye syndrome and acquired unilateral trochlear nerve palsy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Masquerading Superior Oblique Palsy.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Can Binocular Alignment Distinguish Hypertropia in Sagging Eye Syndrome From Superior Oblique Palsy?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Article
- Sagging eye syndrome.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Functional Anatomy of Muscle Mechanisms: Compensating Vertical Heterophoria.American journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Bilateral Fundus Excyclotorsion in Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy Confirmed by MR Imaging.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Sagging Eye Syndrome in Adults with Binocular Diplopia.American journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Differentiating Acute and Subacute Vertical Strabismus Using Different Head Positions During the Upright-Supine Test.JAMA ophthalmology · 2018Observational
- Diagnostic Utility of the Three-Step Test According to the Presence of the Trochlear Nerve in Superior Oblique Palsy.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2018Article
- Long scan depth optical coherence tomography on imaging accommodation: impact of enhanced axial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio and speed.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2018Article
- Rectus Pulley Displacements without Abnormal Oblique Contractility Explain Strabismus in Superior Oblique Palsy.Ophthalmology · 2016Article
- Optic Nerve Sheath as a Novel Mechanical Load on the Globe in Ocular Duction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
- Size of the Oblique Extraocular Muscles and Superior Oblique Muscle Contractility in Brown Syndrome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2015Observational
- Superior oblique extraocular muscle shape in superior oblique palsy.American journal of ophthalmology · 2015Observational
- Recent advances clarifying the etiologies of strabismus.Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society · 2015Review
- Association of superior oblique muscle volumes with the presence or absence of the trochlear nerve on high-resolution MR imaging in congenital superior oblique palsy.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2015Article
- Sensitivity of the three-step test in diagnosis of superior oblique palsy.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAlthough alteration in hypertropia induced by head tilt is considered a clinical criterion for diagnosis of superior oblique (SO) palsy, the mechanism of this head-tilt-dependent hypertropia (HTDHT) is unclear. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study extraocular muscle (EOM) responses to head tilt in HTDHT.
methodsOrbital MRI was used to study 16 normal subjects and 22 subjects with HTDT, of whom 12 had unilateral SO atrophy and 10 had "masquerading" SO palsy with normal SO size. Sizes and paths of all EOMs were compared in 90° roll tilts.
resultsNormal subjects exhibited the expected 3° to 7° physiologic extorsion of all four rectus pulleys in the orbit up-versus-down roll positions, corresponding to ocular counterrolling. In orbits with SO atrophy, the lateral (LR) and inferior rectus (IR) pulleys paradoxically intorted by approximately 2°. Subjects with HTDHT but normal SO size exhibited reduced or reversed extorsion of the medial, superior, and LR pulleys, whereas pulley shift was normal in nonhypertropic fellow orbits in HTDHT. In normal subjects and in SO atrophy, the inferior oblique (IO) muscle contracted in the orbit up-versus-down roll position, but paradoxically relaxed in HTDHT without SO atrophy.
conclusionsThe ipsilesional IR and LR pulleys shift abnormally during head tilt in HTDHT with SO atrophy. In HTDHT without SO atrophy, the ipsilesional MR, SO, and LR pulleys shift abnormally, and the IO relaxes paradoxically during head tilt. These widespread alterations in EOM pulling directions suggest that complex neural adjustments to the otolith-ocular reflexes mediate HTDHT.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.