ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Murine immune response to a chronic Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03132246 (Early Determination of Biofilm Formation on Orthopaedic Devices), which is not on this map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Determination of Biofilm Formation on Orthopaedic Devices
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Cytokine and chemokine dysregulation by microbial biofilm components: mechanisms and clinical implications.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Natural Compound-Loaded PLGA Nanocarriers for Infected Wound Management: A Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Bone and Soft Tissue Chronic Inflammation Diseases.Small science · 2025Review
- Scaffold vaccination for prevention of orthopedic device infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Nanozyme-Based Strategies against Bone Infection.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
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- Exploring secretory proteome and cytokine kinetic of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to methicillin-resistantFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Host Immune Regulation in Implant-Associated Infection (IAI): What Does the Current Evidence Provide Us to Prevent or Treat IAI?Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Role of Staphylococcus aureus Formate Metabolism during Prosthetic Joint Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Skeletal infections: microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Environmental, Microbiological, and Immunological Features of Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Implanted Medical Devices.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Immune Response to Persistent Staphyloccocus Aureus Periprosthetic Joint Infection in a Mouse Tibial Implant Model.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022Article
- Recalcitrant Ulcerative Pyoderma Gangrenosum of the Leg Responsive to Tildrakizumab: A Case Report.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2022Article
- Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model.Biology open · 2021Article
- Diagnostics for Wound Infections.Advances in wound care · 2021Review
- Dermal fibroblast cells interactions with single and triple bacterial-species biofilms.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- Bacterial virulence plays a crucial role in MRSA sepsis.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Transcriptional portrait of M. bovis BCG during biofilm production shows genes differentially expressed during intercellular aggregation and substrate attachment.Scientific reports · 2020Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has reemerged as an important human pathogen in recent decades. Although many infections caused by this microbial species persist through a biofilm mode of growth, little is known about how the host's adaptive immune system responds to these biofilm infections. In this study, S. aureus cells adhered to pins in culture and were subsequently inserted into the tibiae of C57BL/6 mice, with an infecting dose of 2 × 10⁵ CFU. This model was utilized to determine local cytokine levels, antibody (Ab) function, and T cell populations at multiple time points throughout infection. Like human hosts, S. aureus implant infection was chronic and remained localized in 100% of C57BL/6 mice at a consistent level of approximately 10(7) CFU/gram bone tissue after day 7. This infection persisted locally for >49 days and was recalcitrant to clearance by the host immune response and antimicrobial therapy. Local inflammatory cytokines of the Th1 (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-12 p70, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and IL-1β) and Th17 (IL-6 and IL-17) responses were upregulated throughout the infection, except IL-12 p70, which dwindled late in the infection. In addition, Th1 Ab subtypes against a biofilm antigen (SA0486) were upregulated early in the infection, while Th2 Abs and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) were not upregulated until later. These results indicate that early Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses and downregulated Th2 and Treg responses occur during the development of a chronic biofilm implant infection. This unrestrained inflammatory response may cause tissue damage, thereby enabling S. aureus to attach and thrive in a biofilm mode of growth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.