Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21280047›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2011

SNAP25 expression in mammalian retinal horizontal cells.

Arlene A Hirano, Johann Helmut Brandstätter, Catherine W Morgans, Nicholas C Brecha

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. Functional architecture of the retina: development and disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2014
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Arlene A HiranoDepartment of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ahirano@mednet.ucla.edu
Johann Helmut Brandstätter
Catherine W Morgans
Nicholas C Brecha
Doheny Eye Institute · USFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg · DEOregon Health & Science University · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Transmitter Release From Mammalian Horizontal Cells.R01EY015573 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BRECHA, NICHOLAS C. · 2005 to 2017
$4.9M
NEI NIH HHS EY15573NEI NIH HHS R01 EY015573
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Horizontal cells mediate inhibitory feedforward and feedback lateral interactions in the outer retina at photoreceptor terminals and bipolar cell dendrites; however, the mechanisms that underlie synaptic transmission from mammalian horizontal cells are poorly understood. The localization of a vesicular γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (VGAT) to horizontal cell processes in primate and rodent retinae suggested that mammalian horizontal cells release transmitter in a vesicular manner. Toward determining whether the molecular machinery for vesicular transmitter release is present in horizontal cells, we investigated the expression of SNAP25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa), a key SNARE protein, by immunocytochemistry with cell type-specific markers in the retinae of mouse, rat, rabbit, and monkey. Different commercial antibodies to SNAP25 were tested on vertical sections of retina. We report the robust expression of SNAP25 in both plexiform layers. Double labeling with SNAP25 and calbindin antibodies demonstrated that horizontal cell processes and their endings in photoreceptor triad synapses were strongly labeled for both proteins in mouse, rat, rabbit, and monkey retinae. Double labeling with parvalbumin antibodies in monkey retina verified SNAP25 immunoreactivity in all horizontal cells. Pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy in rabbit retina confirmed expression of SNAP25 in lateral elements within photoreceptor triad synapses. The SNAP25 immunoreactivity in the plexiform layers and outer nuclear layer fell into at least three patterns depending on the antibody, suggesting a differential distribution of SNAP25 isoforms. The presence of SNAP25a and SNAP25b isoforms in mouse retina was established by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. SNAP25 expression in mammalian horizontal cells along with other SNARE proteins is consistent with vesicular exocytosis.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiomarkersCalbindinsHumansImmunohistochemistryMacaca fascicularisMiceMice, Inbred C57BLParvalbuminsProtein IsoformsRabbitsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRetinal Horizontal CellsS100 Calcium Binding Protein GSynapsesBiomarkersCalbindinsParvalbuminsProtein IsoformsS100 Calcium Binding Protein GSynaptosomal-Associated Protein 25vesicular GABA transporterVesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21280047
PMCPMC4125362
OpenAlexW2121851792

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.